The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 68 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Development and Validation of a State-Based Measure of Emotion Dysregulation: The State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS)
Open accessAbstract
Existing measures of emotion dysregulation typically assess dispositional tendencies and are therefore not well suited for study designs that require repeated assessments over brief intervals. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a state-based multidimensional measure of emotion dysregulation. Psychometric properties of the State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS) were examined in a large representative community sample of young adult women drawn from four sites ( N = 484). Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution, with results supporting the internal consistency, construct validity, and predictive validity of the total scale and the four subscales: Nonacceptance (i.e., nonacceptance of current emotions), Modulate (i.e., difficulties modulating emotional and behavioral responses in the moment), Awareness (i.e., limited awareness of current emotions), and Clarity (i.e., limited clarity about current emotions). S-DERS scores were significantly associated with trait-based measures of emotion dysregulation, affect intensity/reactivity, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness, as well as measures of substance use problems. Moreover, significant associations were found between the S-DERS and state-based laboratory measures of emotional reactivity, even when controlling for the corresponding original DERS scales. Results provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the S-DERS as a state-based measure of emotion regulation difficulties.
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“Non-acceptance demonstrated convergent validity, showing significant moderate-to-large correlations with the DERS non-acceptance subscale ( r= .44) and the AAQ ( r =.41).”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Lavender et al. (2017)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Despite being styled on the DERS, EFA demonstrated a different factor solution; four of the original six factors remained, one of which was the non-acceptance scale.”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Lavender et al. (2017)
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In the citing paper
“Lavender, Tull, DiLillo, Messman-Moore, and Gratz (2017) developed the S-DERS with the aim of assessing emotional regulation difficulties at a particular moment in time”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Lavender, Tull, DiLillo, Messman-Moore, and Gratz (2017)
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“However, internal consistency of the non-acceptance scale was excellent (α=.92).”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Lavender et al. (2017)
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Citations
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433 · cited 5×
“To ensure that the task induced emotional distress in this sample, participants completed the negative affect scale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-NA; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) before the PASAT-C and following completion of the third (most difficult) level of the task.”
MethodInfluentialSAUNDERS, J. B., AASLAND, O. G., BABOR, T. F., DE LA FUENTE, J. R., & GRANT, M. (1993) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x · Cited by 13,597
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 · Cited by 11,929 · cited 4×
“There are several existing measures of emotion regulation (e.g., Emotion Regulation Questionnaire [ERQ]; Gross & John, 2003) and conceptually related constructs such as distress tolerance (e.g., Distress Tolerance Scale; Simons & Gaher, 2005), mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCostello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005) · University of Massachusetts Amherst · doi:10.7275/jyj1-4868 · Cited by 10,297 · cited 1×
“Given that two-item scales may be weaker and less stable (Costello & Osborne, 2005), findings pertaining to the Clarity subscale should be interpreted with caution.”
BackgroundGratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94 · Cited by 8,942 · cited 5×
“Items from the original DERS (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), which assesses individuals’ typical levels of emotion dysregulation across multiple domains, were adapted and modified to assess emotion dysregulation in a momentary fashion.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationUsing Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511 · cited 5×
“Furthermore, the FFMQ Awareness/Describe composite scale was negatively associated with the S-DERS total and subscale scores, including the Clarity and Awareness subscales (although its association with the Awareness subscale was not as strong as anticipated).”
BackgroundInfluential(1993) · Cited by 7,136
Ecological momentary assessment
Shiffman, S., Stone, A. A., & Hufford, M. R. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415 · Cited by 6,454
EMOTION REGULATION: A THEME IN SEARCH OF DEFINITION
Thompson, R. A. (1994) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x · Cited by 4,210 · cited 2×
“These definitions differ in several ways, including the extent to which they (a) distinguish between emotion generation and regulation, (b) emphasize the explicit versus implicit nature of emotion regulation, and (c) focus on interpersonal versus intrapersonal processes (e.g., Campos, Walle, Dahl, & Main, 2011; Gross…”
BackgroundWhiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00064-7 · Cited by 4,123 · cited 2×
“There are several existing measures of emotion regulation (e.g., Emotion Regulation Questionnaire [ERQ]; Gross & John, 2003) and conceptually related constructs such as distress tolerance (e.g., Distress Tolerance Scale; Simons & Gaher, 2005), mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire [FFMQ]; Baer, Smith, Hopk…”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 10.1037/0021-843X.111.1.180 · DOI · Paper page
- Gratz K. L., 2010, Assessing mindfulness and acceptance: Illuminating the processes of change, 107
- Lejuez C. W., 2003, Behavior Therapist, 26, 290
- Sher K. J., 2007, Handbook of emotion regulation, 560
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Faraone, S. V., Rostain, A. L., Blader, J., Busch, B., Childress, A. C., Connor, D. F., & Newcorn, J. H. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12899 · Cited by 400
The Development and Validation of the State Self-Compassion Scale (Long- and Short Form)
Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Knox, M. C., Kuchar, A., & Davidson, O. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01505-4 · Cited by 309
The role of emotion regulation in the characterization, development and treatment of psychopathology
Lincoln, T. M., Schulze, L., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00040-4 · Cited by 234
Emotion regulation in everyday life: Mapping global self-reports to daily processes.
Koval, P., Kalokerinos, E. K., Greenaway, K. H., Medland, H., Kuppens, P., Nezlek, J. B., Hinton, J. D. X., & Gross, J. J. (2022) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001097 · Cited by 165
Monell, E., Clinton, D. N., & Birgegård, A. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22925 · Cited by 131
Metadata
- Authors
- Lavender, J. M., Tull, M. T., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., & Gratz, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute (US)
- University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Corresponding author
- Lavender, Jason M.
- Venue
- Assessment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-07-27
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 197-209
- ISSN
- 1073-1911 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3489
- PMC
- PMC5243864
- OpenAlex
- W2126477718
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH101342)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD062226)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- emotional dysregulation, emotional reactivity, emotional awareness, emotional clarity, experiential avoidance, mindfulness, problematic substance use, young adult women, scale development and validation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Affective Symptoms, Arousal, Character, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Personality Assessment, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Emotional Intelligence
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