Cited by 352Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

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Role of Dopamine in the Motivational and Cognitive Control of Behavior

Cools, Roshan·2008·The Neuroscientist

DOI 10.1177/1073858408317009

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Abstract

Brain dopamine has often been implicated in impulsive and/or inflexible behaviors, which may reflect failures of motivational and/or cognitive control. However, the precise role of dopamine in such failures of behavioral control is not well understood, not least because they implicate paradoxical changes in distinct dopamine systems that innervate dissociable neural circuits. In addition, there are large individual differences in the response to dopaminergic drugs with some individuals benefiting from and others being impaired by the same drug. This complicates progress in the understanding of dopamine's role in behavioral control processes, but also provides a major problem for neuropsychiatry, where some individuals are disproportionately vulnerable to the adverse effects of dopamine-enhancing drugs on motivation and cognition. Recent progress is reviewed from cognitive and behavioral neuroscience research on motivation and cognitive control, which begins to elucidate the factors that mediate the complex roles of mesolimbic, mesocortical, and nigrostriatal dopamine in behavioral control.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Local and global effects of motivation on cognitive control
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Retracted
Elevated Blink Rates Predict Mind Wandering: Dopaminergic Insights into Attention and Task Focus
Riby, L. M., Marr, L., Barron, E., Greer, J. M. H., Hamilton, C. J., McGann, D., & Smallwood, J. (2025) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/jin26508 · Cited by 4
“Dopamine not only supports cognitive flexibility but is also vital for working memory [33], as it helps maintain and manipulate information within the prefrontal cortex, ensuring both stability and adaptability [34].”
Impairment of Both Reward and Punishment Learning in Males Who Have Sexually Offended Against a Child
Dilliën, T., Goethals, K., Sabbe, B., & Brazil, I. A. (2019) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063219871579 · Cited by 5
“One of the most widely studied processes involved in the inhibition of unwanted behavior by linking it with negative consequences is reinforcement learning (Cools, 2008; Montague, Hyman, & Cohen, 2004).”
Background
Pharmacogenomics and Personality: Role of CYP2D6 and Implications for Psychopathology
Peñas‐Lledó, E., Dorado, P., & LLerena, A. (2010) · Advances in biological psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000317297 · Cited by 4
Components of the endocannabinoid and dopamine systems are dysregulated in Huntington's disease: analysis of publicly available microarray datasets
Laprairie, R. B., Bagher, A. M., Precious, S. V., & Denovan‐Wright, E. M. (2015) · Pharmacology Research & Perspectives · doi:10.1002/prp2.104 · Cited by 4
The location independence of learned attentional flexibility
Sali, A. W., Ma, R., Albal, M. S., & Key, J. (2022) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-022-02469-4 · Cited by 5
Graphene Oxide Decorated Tin Sulphide Quantum Dots for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Tyrosine
Hasheena, M., Ratnamala, A., Noorjahan, M., Reddy, G. D., Shiprath, K., Manjunatha, H., & Naidu, K. C. B. (2022) · Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials · doi:10.1007/s10904-022-02396-9 · Cited by 4
“Low levels of dopamine and tyrosine in the blood, as well as the death of dopaminergic neurons in the brain, have been linked to a range of significant neurological illnesses, including Parkinson’s disease, psychosis, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drug addiction [6, 7].”
Background
Chlorpromazine, an Inverse Agonist of D1R-Like, Differentially Targets Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (CaV) Subtypes in mPFC Neurons
McCarthy, C. I., Mustafá, E. R., Cornejo, M. P., Yaneff, A., Rodríguez, S. S., Perelló, M., & Raingo, J. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03221-1 · Cited by 5
“The dopaminergic system controls many cognitive, motor, emotional, and social functions that ultimately regulate behavior [1, 2].”
Background
Gender Impacts the Relationship between Mood Disorder Symptoms and Effortful Avoidance Performance
Forys, B. J., Tomm, R. J., Stamboliyska, D., Terpstra, A. R., Clark, L., Chakrabarty, T., Floresco, S., & Todd, R. M. (2023) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0239-22.2023 · Cited by 4
“Alternatively, in a situation that offers the possibility of reward, we may take action to approach the reward through active reward-seeking or, instead, inhibit pre-potent reward seeking to wait for a larger reward (Capuzzo and Floresco, 2020; Cools, 2008).”
Background
Tics and Tourette syndrome
Fahn, S., Jankovic, J. J., & Hallett, M. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2369-4.00016-0 · Cited by 4
Comprensión y tratamiento del juego patológico: aportaciones desde la Neurociencia del Aprendizaje
Navas, J. F., & Perales, J. C. (2014) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.1016/j.clysa.2014.10.001 · Cited by 6
Developmental Trends in Adaptive and Maladaptive Risk Taking in Youth
Khurana, A., & Römer, D. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819641-0.00029-3 · Cited by 4
“The rise in sensation seeking during adolescence has been linked to a rise in dopamine expression (Wahlstrom et al., 2010), which is positively linked to improvements in working memory and other indicators of cognitive control and learning (Cools and Robbins, 2004; Cools, 2008; Murty et al., 2016).”
Background
One Tablet or Two? Towards the Development of Pharmacogenomically Informed Drug Dose Individualization
Kirchheiner, J., Seeringer, A., Viviani, R., & Hodgkinson, S. C. (2010) · Advances in biological psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000317295 · Cited by 3
The Necessity of Advancing Our Knowledge on Assistive Technologies to Better Support Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Mackenzie, G., & Ferrari, J. (2017) · Journal of ADHD And Care · doi:10.14302/issn.3066-8042.jac-17-1693 · Cited by 3
“What follows describes ATs which support writing, attention and executive functions; domains that are frequently impaired among individuals with ADHD [2] [34] [35] [36] [37].”
The Protective Effects of Melatonin against Brain Disorders Induced by the Western Diet in Male Rats
Rayshan, A. R., Abdulwahid, A. A., & Alsaedi, A. (2023) · World s Veterinary Journal · doi:10.54203/scil.2023.wvj29 · Cited by 3
“Motivation, reward, punishment, energy expenditure, and working memory are all functions of dopamine, which has been recognized as an important neurotransmitter in brain function (Cools, 2008).”
Background
On the neural substrates of mind wandering and dynamic thought: A drug and brain stimulation study
Rasmussen, T., Dux, P. E., & Filmer, H. L. (2025) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.008 · Cited by 3
Neural correlates of delay discounting: Effects of dopamine bioavailability and implications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Plichta, M. M. (2009) · Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) · Cited by 3
Ultrasonic, Volumetric, and Thermodynamic Analysis of Dopamine Hydrochloride in Aqueous Solutions: Hydrogen Bonding Dynamics and Molecular Associations over T = (298.15 to 323.15) K
Thulimilli, P., Vamshi Prasad, T., Subba Rao, R., GANDIKOTA, R., & Vishwam, T. (2026) · Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data · doi:10.1021/acs.jced.5c00565 · Cited by 2
Erotic cue exposure increases neural reward responses without modulating temporal discounting
Knauth, K., Mathar, D., Kuzmanovic, B., Tittgemeyer, M., & Peters, J. (2023) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag_a_00008 · Cited by 2
“This idea is supported by pharmacological modulations of central dopamine transmission that affect TD ( Arrondo et al., 2015; Cools, 2008; de Wit, 2002; Hamidovic et al., 2008; Kayser et al., 2012; Petzold et al., 2019; Pine et al., 2010; Wagner et al., 2020; Weber et al., 2016).”
Background
Effects of Perceived COVID-19 Exposure and Action-Outcome Predictability on the Motivation to Invest Cognitive Effort
Kolano, J., Menon, D. K., & Peper, M. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie · doi:10.1024/1016-264x/a000392 · Cited by 2
Release from (creative) proactive inhibition: Can we manipulate divergent thinking the same as memory?
Huang, Y., Zhang, Z., Cao, G., Kenett, Y. N., & Xu, Z. (2025) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101821 · Cited by 2
On alcohol disinhibition and inhibition: The intricate relationship between oxidative stress and behavior
Tobore, T. O. (2020) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2020.101378 · Cited by 2
Dimensionen der Handlungssteuerung und Anstrengungsbereitschaft
Kolano, J., & Peper, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-64801-8_123-1 · Cited by 2
Human aging, dopamine, and cognition : molecular and functional imaging of executive functions and implicit learning
Rieckmann, A. (2011) · Cited by 2
Personality Dimensions in Psychopathy: Potential Explanatory Models for Primary and Secondary TraitsPreprint
Murphy, B. A., & Giurgiutiu, D. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1978268 · Cited by 1
Modeling Relationships Between Iron Status, Behavior, And Brain Electrophysiology: Evidence From a Randomized Study Involving a Biofortified Grain in Indian AdolescentsPreprint
Wenger, M. J., Murray‐Kolb, L. E., Scott, S., Boy, E., & Haas, J. D. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-882215/v1 · Cited by 2
Emotion and control
Hommel, B. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00056-5 · Cited by 2
Can a brief survey identify U.S. Army Soldiers who are behaviorally and genetically resilient to sleep loss?
Mantua, J., Sowden, W. J., Chaudhury, S., Naylor, J. A., Ritland, B. M., Mickelson, C. A., Simonelli, G., Bessey, A. F., Burke, T. M., & McKeon, A. B. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111614 · Cited by 1
Motivational modulation enhances movement performance in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Papa, E. V., Tolman, J., Meyerhoeffer, C., & Reierson, K. (2024) · Physical Therapy Reviews · doi:10.1080/10833196.2024.2365568 · Cited by 1
RETRACTED: Fischer’s ratio and DNA damage in hypoxemia-induced brain injury in rat model: prophylactic role of quercetin and mexamine supplementation
Kadry, M. O., & Ali, H. M. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319898 · Cited by 1
“Hypoxemia may therefore affect neuronal signaling through the modulation of neurotransmitters [48].”
Retracted
Methamphetamine-induced adaptation of learning rate dynamics depend on baseline performance
Kirschner, H., Molla, H. M., Nassar, M. R., de Wit, H., & Ullsperger, M. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.101413.3 · Cited by 1
Neural dynamics of cognitive control: Current tensions and future promise
Zhou, D., Cosme, D., Kang, Y., Stanoi, O. A., Lydon‐Staley, D. M., Mucha, P. J., Falk, E. B., Ochsner, K. N., & Bassett, D. S. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106909 · Cited by 2
Neuroimaging and Clinical Studies on Brain–Immune Interactions
Hannestad, J. O. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4729-0_4 · Cited by 1
Modulation of Neurotransmission by a Specified Oregano Extract Alters Brain Electrical Potentials Indicative of Antidepressant-Like and Neuroprotective Activities
Mohajeri, M. H., Góralczyk, R., & Dimpfel, W. (2012) · Neuroscience & Medicine · doi:10.4236/nm.2012.31006 · Cited by 1
“Conversely, motivation and anxiety are often affected in mood and motivational disorders [3,28-31].”
Background
Reinforcement learning modulates preparatory states of cognitive flexibility
Sali, A. W., Anderson, B. A., & Yantis, S. (2012) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2012.726479 · Cited by 1
“mediate an individual’s readiness to perform an act of cognitive control (Cools, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Analysis of GNAL Polymorphisms in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Taner, H. A. (2014) · International Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.31901/24566330.2014/14.03-04.05 · Cited by 1
A psychophysical and electrophysiological platform using internal action selection task in primate parkinsonian model
Hu, W., Hu, Q., Qiu, Y., Liu, K., & Chen, Y. (2019) · International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering · doi:10.1109/ner.2019.8717156 · Cited by 1
Tics and Tourette syndrome
Jankovic, J. J., Hallett, M., Okun, M. S., Comella, C., Fahn, S., & Goldman, J. G. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-31071-0.00015-9 · Cited by 1
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fischer's oligopeptide ratio in ischemic hypoxia: prophylactic amendment of sophoretin and melatonin supplementation
Kadry, M. O., & Ali, H. M. (2024) · Future Science OA · doi:10.2144/fsoa-2023-0117 · Cited by 1
Retracted
Dopamine, context dependence and attribution: Menstrual cycle influences on behavior.
van Impelen, B. (2013) · Cited by 1
Chapter 27 Immaturities in Incentive Processing and Executive Function in Adolescence
Geier, C. F., Padmanabhan, A., & Luna, B. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0785-0_27 · Cited by 1
Cognitive and electrophysiological responses to dopaminergic manipulations
Linssen, A. M. W. (2013) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20130118al · Cited by 1

Authors: Cools, R.
Affiliations: Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author: Cools, Roshan
ORCID: Cools, Roshan
Venue: The Neuroscientist
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2008-08
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Pages: 381-395
ISSN: 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
1089-4098
DOI: 10.1177/1073858408317009
OpenAlex: W2147381727
Cited by: 352
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 10.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords: dopamine, motivation, cognitive control, impulsive behavior, mesolimbic dopamine system, mesocortical dopamine system, nigrostriatal dopamine system, neuropsychiatry
MeSH terms: Animals, Behavior, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Dopamine, Humans, Motivation, Dopamine Agents

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Role of Dopamine in the Motivational and Cognitive Control of Behavior

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