Cited by 124Misinformation and Its ImpactsClimate Change Communication and PerceptionAcademic Publishing and Open Access

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When Debunking Scientific Myths Fails (and When It Does Not): The Backfire Effect in the Context of Journalistic Coverage and Immediate Judgments as Prevention Strategy

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Peter, Christina, Koch, Thomas·2016·Science Communication

DOI 10.1177/1075547015613523

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Abstract

When reporting scientific information, journalists often present common myths that are refuted with scientific facts. However, correcting misinformation this way is often not only ineffective but can increase the likelihood that people misremember it as true. We test this backfire effect in the context of journalistic coverage and examine how to counteract it. In a web-based experiment, we find evidence for a systematic backfire effect that occurs after a few minutes and strengthens after five days. Results show that forming judgments immediately during reception (in contrast to memory-based) can reduce backfire effects and prevent erroneous memory from affecting participants’ attitudes.

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Authors: Peter, C., & Koch, T.
Affiliations: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
Corresponding author: Peter, Christina
ORCID: Peter, Christina
Koch, Thomas
Venue: Science Communication
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2015-10-25
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Pages: 3-25
ISSN: 0164-0259 (ISSN-L)
1075-5470
1552-8545
DOI: 10.1177/1075547015613523
OpenAlex: W2341285149
Cited by: 124
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 14.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Science Communication (publishedVersion)
Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Publishing and Open Access
Keywords: backfire effect, debunking, scientific myths, misinformation, journalistic coverage, memory distortion, attitude change, misinformation correction

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When Debunking Scientific Myths Fails (and When It Does Not): The Backfire Effect in the Context of Journalistic Coverage and Immediate Judgments as Prevention Strategy

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