The Process of Ending Abuse in Intimate Relationships: A Qualitative Exploration of the Transtheoretical Model

BURKE, JESSICA G.; GIELEN, ANDREA CARLSON; McDONNELL, KAREN A.; O'CAMPO, PATRICIA; MAMAN, SUZANNE

doi:10.1177/10778010122183784

Cited by 129Intimate Partner and Family ViolenceSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesSexual Assault and Victimization Studies

The Process of Ending Abuse in Intimate Relationships: A Qualitative Exploration of the Transtheoretical Model

BURKE, JESSICA G., GIELEN, ANDREA CARLSON, McDONNELL, KAREN A., O'CAMPO, PATRICIA, MAMAN, SUZANNE·2001·Violence Against Women

DOI 10.1177/10778010122183784

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Abstract

This article explores the suggestion that the transtheoretical model of behavior change is a promising conceptual framework for understanding how women end abuse in their intimate relationships. In-depth interviews were conducted with 78 women who were either currently in or had recently left abusive relationships. Women talked about the following five stages of behavior change: (a) nonrecognition (precontemplation), (b) acknowledgment (contemplation), (c) consideration of options (preparation), (d) selection of actions (action), and (e) use of safety strategies to remain free from abuse (maintenance). These results suggest that the model is consistent with how women describe surviving their abusive situations, and they have implications for both research and practice.

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The transtheoretical model of change describes a series of changes from pre-contemplation through contemplation and preparation leading to action and finally maintenance of safety.
“The model describes a series of changes from pre-contemplation through contemplation and preparation leading to action and finally maintenance of safety.”
From Help‐seeking amongst women survivors of domestic violence: a qualitative study of pathways towards formal and informal support (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
Burke et al. (2001) interviewed 78 women who were in or had recently left abusive relationships, and identified a trajectory from nonrecognition to acknowledgement, exploration of options, active steps towards change and engagement with safety strategies.
“For instance, Burke et al. (2001) interviewed 78 women who were in or had recently left abusive relationships, and identi fi ed a trajectory from nonrecognition to acknowledgement, exploration of options, active steps towards change and engagement with safety strategies.”
From ‘Reconnecting With All the Things That You Lost Because of Control’: What Helps Women in the Process of Leaving a Psychologically Abusive Intimate Partner? (2026) · cites this paper as Burke et al. (2001)
A woman's recognition or acknowledgement of abuse is a crucial stage in her journey away from abuse.
“A woman's recognition or acknowledgement of abuse is seen as a crucial stage in her journey away from abuse.”
From Help‐seeking amongst women survivors of domestic violence: a qualitative study of pathways towards formal and informal support (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
Only after a woman recognizes or acknowledges abuse can she contemplate what action to take.
“Only then can she contemplate what action to take.”
From Help‐seeking amongst women survivors of domestic violence: a qualitative study of pathways towards formal and informal support (2016) · cites this paper as [28]

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Authors: BURKE, J. G., GIELEN, A. C., McDONNELL, K. A., O'CAMPO, P., & MAMAN, S.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: BURKE, JESSICA G.
McDONNELL, KAREN A.
O'CAMPO, PATRICIA
MAMAN, SUZANNE
Venue: Violence Against Women
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2001-10
Volume: 7
Issue: 10
Pages: 1144-1163
ISSN: 1077-8012 (ISSN-L)
1552-8448
DOI: 10.1177/10778010122183784
OpenAlex: W2138127643
Cited by: 129
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 3.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Violence Against Women (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
Keywords: intimate partner violence, leaving abusive relationships, transtheoretical model, stages of change, women survivors, precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, safety strategies, behavior change

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The Process of Ending Abuse in Intimate Relationships: A Qualitative Exploration of the Transtheoretical Model

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