The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adjustment, Social Skills, and Self-Esteem in College Students With Symptoms of ADHD
Abstract
Many studies of ADHD have shown that the problems associated with the disorder continue into adolescence and beyond for 10% to 60% of patients. The present study assesses several aspects of college adjustment, social skills, and self-esteem in a nonreferred sample of college students meeting criteria for a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnosis of ADHD. Twenty-one undergraduate students with symptoms of ADHD are compared to 20 students without significant ADHD symptoms, who match the ADHD students on age, gender, and grade point average. Students with ADHD symptoms show decreased functioning in several areas of college adjustment as well as lower levels of self-reported social skills and self-esteem. The results also suggest that the relation between ADHD and college adjustment is partially mediated by self-reported levels of self-esteem.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although there is a link between parental praise and children’s self-esteem [89], and self-esteem has been found to mediate the relationship between ADHD and classroom functioning [90], future research should investigate this further.”
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2022) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 · Cited by 23,476
Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models
Sobel, M. E. (1982) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.2307/270723 · Cited by 12,810
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID): I: History, Rationale, and Description
Spitzer, R. L. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080032005 · Cited by 4,336
Stansfield, R. G., & Leinhardt, S. (1983) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.1057/jors.1983.42 · Cited by 1,918
Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes.
Archer, D., Kimes, D. D., Robinson, J. P., & Shaver, P. R. (1976) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2063857 · Cited by 1,830
On the Exact Variance of Products
Goodman, L. A. (1960) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1960.10483369 · Cited by 1,467
(1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.6.885 · Cited by 1,421
Mannuzza, S. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820190067007 · Cited by 1,368
Gender Differences in ADHD: A Meta-Analysis and Critical Review
GAUB, M., & CARLSON, C. L. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199708000-00011 · Cited by 1,117
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_183806 · Cited by 1,089
A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences in ADHD
Gershon, J., & Gershon, J. (2002) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470200500302 · Cited by 875
Gender Differences in ADHD: A Meta-Analysis and Critical Review
Gaub, M., & Carlson, C. L. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199708000-00023 · Cited by 871
Biederman, J., Mick, E., Faraone, S. V., Braaten, E., Doyle, A., Spencer, T., Wilens, T. E., Frazier, E., & Johnson, M. A. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.36 · Cited by 863
Baumeister, R. F. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8956-9 · Cited by 862
WEISS, G., HECHTMAN, L., MILROY, T., & PERLMAN, T. (1985) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60450-7 · Cited by 753
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults: Comorbidities and adaptive impairments
Murphy, K., & Barkley, R. A. (1996) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(96)90022-x · Cited by 700
Weiss, G., & Hechtman, L. T. (1986) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 654
Long-Term Outcome of Hyperactive Children: A Review
Klein, R. G., & Mannuzza, S. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199105000-00005 · Cited by 408
Long-term prognosis in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Mannuzza, S., & Klein, R. (2000) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30114-7 · Cited by 395
Educational and occupational outcome of hyperactive boys grown up.
Mannuzza, S., Klein, R., Bessler, A., Malloy, P., & Hynes, M. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199709000-00014 · Cited by 342
Sex differences in ADHD: Conference summary
Arnold, L. E. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf01670100 · Cited by 340
Studies on the Hyperactive Child
Weiss, G. (1971) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750110021004 · Cited by 329
Gender differences in a sample of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Biederman, J., Faraone, S., Spencer, T., Wilens, T., Mick, E., & Lapey, K. A. (1994) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90092-2 · Cited by 327
Heiligenstein, E. L., Guenther, G., Levy, A. G., Savino, F., & Fulwiler, J. (1999) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448489909595644 · Cited by 282
College Students with ADHD and Other Hidden Disabilities
Wolf, L. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05792.x · Cited by 281
Psychological adjustment and adaptive impairments in young adults with ADHD
Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., & Kwasnik, D. (1996) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705479600100104 · Cited by 280
Self-Report of ADHD Symptoms in University Students
DuPaul, G. J., Schaughency, E. A., Weyandt, L. L., Tripp, G., Kiesner, J., Ota, K., & Stanish, H. (2001) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221940103400412 · Cited by 272
Weiss, G. (1979) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780060065007 · Cited by 266
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test
Hildman, L. K., Friedberg, P. M., & Wright, P. M. (1993) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/073428299301100115 · Cited by 246
Conners, C. K., Wells, K. C., Parker, J. D. A., Sitarenios, G., Diamond, J. M., & Powell, J. W. (1997) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1022637815797 · Cited by 219
Is self-esteem an important outcome in hyperactive children?
Slomkowski, C., Klein, R., & Mannuzza, S. (1995) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf01447559 · Cited by 168
Reported prevalence of attentional difficulties in a general sample of college students
Weyandt, L., Linterman, I., & Rice, J. A. (1995) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf02229304 · Cited by 158
The Social Functioning Of Children With ADD With Hyperactivity And ADD Without Hyperactivity
Wheeler, J., & Carlson, C. L. (1994) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/106342669400200101 · Cited by 156
The Social Self-Esteem Inventory
Lawson, J. S., Marshall, W. L., & McGrath, P. J. (1979) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316447903900413 · Cited by 151
Vogel, S. A., & Adelman, P. B. (1992) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221949202500703 · Cited by 133
The Internal Restlessness Scale
Weyandt, L. L., Iwaszuk, W., Fulton, K., Ollerton, M., Beatty, N., Fouts, H. N., Schepman, S., & Greenlaw, C. (2003) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/00222194030360040801 · Cited by 130
Children's Social Skills: Assessment and Classification Practices
Elliott, S. N., & Gresham, F. M. (1987) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1987.tb00808.x · Cited by 120
The hyperactive child at adolescence: Cognitive, emotional, and social functioning
Hoy, E. A., Weiss, G., MINDE, K. K., & Cohen, N. J. (1978) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00924734 · Cited by 113
Presentation of unrecognized attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in college students.
Heiligenstein, E., & Keeling, R. P. (1995) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.1995.9940481 · Cited by 112
Grenwald, G. (2001) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470100500403 · Cited by 110
A self-report measure of social skill
Lowe, M. R., & Cautela, J. R. (1978) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(78)80126-9 · Cited by 109
Differences in heterosocial behavior and outcomes of ADHD-symptomatic subtypes in a college sample
Canu, W. H., & Carlson, G. L. (2003) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470300600304 · Cited by 102
Self-esteem and its relationship to sexual offending
Marshall, W. L., Anderson, D., & Champagne, F. A. (1997) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/10683169708410811 · Cited by 100
Lawson, J. S., Marshall, W. L., & McGrath, P. J. (1979) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t13625-000 · Cited by 99
Weyandt, L. L., Rice, J. A., Linterman, I., Mitzlaff, L., & Emert, E. (1998) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565649809540734 · Cited by 95
Driving anger and other driving-related behaviors in high and low ADHD symptom college students
Richards, T. L., Deffenbacher, J. L., & Rosén, L. A. (2002) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470200600104 · Cited by 81
Self-Esteem in College Students with a Childhood History of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Dooling-Litfin, J. K., & Rosén, L. A. (1997) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1300/j035v11n04_06 · Cited by 60
Hyperactive Children Grown UP: Empirical Findings and Theoretical Considerations
KEITH, C. R. (1987) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1987.41.3.475 · Cited by 58
Attention Deficit Disorder in College Students: Facts, Fallacies, and Treatment
Faigel, H. C. (1995) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.1995.9940467 · Cited by 49
Motivational Conflict and the Self: The Double-Bind of Low Self-Esteem
Brown, J. D. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8956-9_6 · Cited by 47
Diagnosing ADD-H in adolescents.
Gittelman, R. K., & Mannuzza, S. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 44
Issues in the study of adolescent ADD-H/hyperactivity.
Ck, C. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 29
Validation of a Measure for Adolescent Self-Report of Attention Deficit Disorder Symptoms
Robin, A. L., & Vandermay, S. J. (1996) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-199608000-00001 · Cited by 26
The Enhancement of Social Self-Esteem.
Marshall, W. L., & Christie, M. M. (1982) · Cited by 25
A Comparison of Three Groups of Academically at-Risk College Students.
Dunn, C. (1995) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 17
The Socialization of Highly Intelligent Boys: Case Material from Terman's Correspondence
Janos, P. M. (1986) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1986.tb01312.x · Cited by 8
Jin (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199806)54:4
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Baker, R. W., 1989, Manual for the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ)
- Bertot, P. (2002). A comparison of psychological distress profiles of college students with learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as compared to college students with no disabilities. Dissertation Abstracts International , 62 , 3012.
- Conners, C. K., 1985, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 243
- Dunn, C., 1995, Journal of College Student Development, 36, 270
- Gittelman, R., 1985, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 237
- Hartup, W., 1983, Handbook of child psychology (Vol. 4): Socialization, personality and social developments, 103
- Hinshaw, S., 1994, Attention deficits and hyperactivity in children. Developmental and clinical psychology and psychiatry series
- Marshall, W. L., 1982, Canadian Counselor, 16, 82
- Orvaschel, H., 1987, Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-aged children-Epidemiologic
Cited by
Sorted by citations
College Students With ADHD: Current Status and Future Directions
DuPaul, G. J., Weyandt, L. L., O'Dell, S. M., & Varejao, M. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054709340650 · Cited by 488
Dovis, S., Van der Oord, S., Wiers, R. W., & Prins, P. J. M. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121651 · Cited by 272
Adjustment to College in Students With ADHD
Rabiner, D. L., Anastopoulos, A. D., Costello, J. E., Hoyle, R. H., & Swartzwelder, H. S. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707305106 · Cited by 195
What Do We Really Know about ADHD in College Students?
Green, A. L., & Rabiner, D. L. (2012) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0127-8 · Cited by 186
ADHD in college students: Developmental findings
Weyandt, L. L., & DuPaul, G. J. (2008) · Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/ddrr.38 · Cited by 186
Metadata
- Authors
- Shaw-Zirt, B., Popali-Lehane, L., Chaplin, W., & Bergman, A.
- Affiliations
- Sullivan County Boces
- St. John's University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bergman, Andrea
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 109-120
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2055848473
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 4.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, college adjustment, social skills, self-esteem, university students, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Male, Self Concept, Social Adjustment, Social Behavior, Students, Universities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review