A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences in ADHD
Abstract
The present study examined gender differences in ADHD through a meta-analysis. Effect size estimates for the primary symptoms and correlates of ADHD were calculated in an attempt to replicate and extend a previous meta-analysis on gender differences in the disorder. Relatively lenient inclusion criteria were used in order to maximize the number of studies included in the effect sizes. The results indicated that in comparison to ADHD boys, ADHD girls had lower ratings on hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity, and externalizing problems. In addition, ADHD girls had greater intellectual impairments and more internalizing problems than ADHD boys. Overall, the results of the current meta-analysis indicated general agreement with the previous meta-analysis. The clinical implications of these gender differences and future research considerations are discussed.
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Females with ADHD often have greater intellectual impairments than males with the disorder.
“one meta-analysis reported that females with ADHD often have greater intellectual impairments than males with the disorder [19]”
From Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach (2017) · cites this paper as [19]
Childhood ADHD is usually diagnosed after a referral from parents or teachers, with boys being more likely to be referred for treatment since they present primarily with external symptoms such as hyperactivity.
“Notably, childhood ADHD is usually diagnosed after a referral from parents or teachers, with boys being more likely to be referred for treatment since they present primarily with external symptoms such as hyperactivity, which are inevitably more noticeable to others [19].”
From Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach (2017) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Gershon, J., & Gershon, J.
- Affiliations
- Emory University in Atlanta
- Venue
- Journal of Attention Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 143-154
- ISSN
- 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1246
- OpenAlex
- W2029733708
- Cited by
- 875
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, gender differences, hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, intellectual disability, girls with ADHD
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors
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