Cited by 370Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAutism Spectrum Disorder Research

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Long-Term Outcomes of ADHD: A Systematic Review of Self-Esteem and Social Function

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Harpin, V., Mazzone, L., Raynaud, J. P., Kahle, J., Hodgkins, P.·2016·Journal of Attention Disorders

DOI 10.1177/1087054713486516

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Abstract

Objective: To compare the long-term self-esteem and social function outcomes of individuals with untreated and treated ADHD across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Method: A systematic search of 12 databases was performed to identify peer-reviewed, primary research articles, published January 1980 to December 2011, reporting long-term self-esteem and/or social function outcomes (≥2 years; life consequences distinct from symptoms) of individuals with untreated or treated ADHD. Results: Overall, 127 studies reported 150 outcomes. Most outcomes were poorer in individuals with untreated ADHD versus non-ADHD controls (57% [13/23] for self-esteem; 73% [52/71] for social function). A beneficial response to treatment (pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and multimodal treatments) was reported for the majority of self-esteem (89% [8/9]) and social function (77% [17/22]) outcomes. Conclusion: Untreated ADHD was associated with poorer long-term self-esteem and social function outcomes compared with non-ADHD controls. Treatment for ADHD was associated with improvement in outcomes; however, further long-term outcome studies are needed.

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Authors: Harpin, V., Mazzone, L., Raynaud, J. P., Kahle, J., & Hodgkins, P.
Affiliations: Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IT)
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (FR)
BPS International, San Diego, CA, USA
Shire Development, LLC, Wayne, PA, USA
Corresponding author: Harpin, V.
ORCID: Harpin, V.
Mazzone, L.
Raynaud, J. P.
Kahle, J.
Hodgkins, P.
Venue: Journal of Attention Disorders
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2013-05-22
Volume: 20
Issue: 4
Pages: 295-305
ISSN: 1087-0547 (ISSN-L)
1557-1246
DOI: 10.1177/1087054713486516
OpenAlex: W2113615951
Cited by: 370
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 5.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Attention Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Shire
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, long-term outcomes, self-esteem, social function, untreated ADHD, ADHD treatment, pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological treatment, multimodal therapy
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Male, Personality Disorders, Self Concept, Social Adjustment, Social Behavior, Treatment Outcome

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Long-Term Outcomes of ADHD: A Systematic Review of Self-Esteem and Social Function

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