“How Can We Stay Healthy when you’re Throwing All of this in Front of Us?” Findings from Focus Groups and Interviews in Middle Schools on Environmental Influences on Nutrition and Physical Activity
Abstract
This study aimed to identify factors in school physical and social environments that may facilitate or compete with programs and policies to improve student physical activity and nutrition. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with students, faculty, and staff of two public middle schools. Participants identified numerous aspects of the school environments as significant. Competition, teasing and bullying, time, and safety were described as major barriers for students to be physically active during physical education class, on sports teams, and before and after school. The quality of the food served, easy access to nonnutritious snacks, limited time for lunch period, and weight concerns emerged as significant reasons why students do not eat nutritious meals in school. When developing programs and policies to improve the health of students, environmental influences that undermine efforts to improve student health behaviors must be addressed.
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A competitive ethos or competition-focused climate can reduce participation, especially for girls and/or students of lower athletic ability.
“It was suggested that this can reduce participation, especially for girls and/or students of lower athletic ability 54.”
From The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed-studies systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
Students reported the need for more non-competitive activities and emphasized participation rather than competition and exclusion.
“Students also reported the need for more non‐competitive activities 38, 47, 54, 56 and emphasized participation rather than competition and exclusion 56.”
From The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed-studies systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
In one study, middle school teachers reported that open gym policies had positive effects on participation, although this appeared to benefit boys the most.
“In one study, middle school teachers reported that open gym policies had positive effects on participation, although this appeared to benefit boys the most 54.”
From The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed-studies systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
One study highlighted that unsupervised active transport was generally discouraged because of a perception of 'stranger danger' and by the school's not providing crossing-guards.
“One study highlighted that unsupervised active transport was generally discouraged because of a perception of ‘stranger danger’ and by the school's not providing crossing‐guards (‘lollipop man/lady’) 54.”
From The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed-studies systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
Studies highlighted lack of opportunities for physical activity, poor range of sporting options for girls, or lack of extracurricular sport for all as barriers to physical activity.
“Studies highlighted the lack of opportunities for physical activity 59, poor range of sporting options for girls 64 or a lack of extracurricular sport for all 54, 58 as barriers to physical activity.”
From The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed-studies systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
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- Authors
- Bauer, K. W., Yang, Y. W., & Austin, S. B.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Daly City, California
- Venue
- Health Education & Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-46
- ISSN
- 1090-1981 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6127
- OpenAlex
- W2157774897
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 28.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Education & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (6 T71 MC 00009-11 S1R0)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- school space, school climate, student physical activity, student nutrition, barriers to physical activity, bullying, teasing, school food quality, weight concern, junior high school students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attitude to Health, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Faculty, Feeding Behavior, Female, Food Services, Health Promotion, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, New England, Schools, Social Environment, Time, Health Behavior, Exercise, Focus Groups
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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