The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Organization outside organizations: the significance of partial organization
Abstract
It is common practice in organizational research to restrict the concept of organization to formal organizations, and to describe the world outside these entities by such other concepts as institutions or networks. It is argued in this article that the concept of organization can be fruitfully broadened to include some aspects of the order that exists outside and among organizations. A broader concept includes not only complete, formal organization, but also ‘partial organization’. Both types of organization are based on decisions, but whereas complete organizations have access to all elements of organization, partial organization is based on only one or a few of these elements. Like complete organization, partial organization is a common phenomenon that not least characterizes much of the contemporary global order. The authors discuss how partial organization arises, how and why institutions and networks sometimes become organized, and the consequences of organization for change, transparency and accountability.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Granovetter, M. S. (1973) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/225469 · Cited by 40,491
Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
North, D. C. (1990) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808678 · Cited by 32,691
Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness
Granovetter, M. (1985) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/228311 · Cited by 28,745
Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony
Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/226550 · Cited by 28,308
Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
Munger, M. C., & North, D. C. (1991) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1060065 · Cited by 24,871
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
Ostrom, E. (1990) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511807763 · Cited by 20,653
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
Field, B. C., & Ostrom, E. (1992) · Land Economics · doi:10.2307/3146384 · Cited by 18,859
Bourdieu, P. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9781503621749 · Cited by 17,271
The social construction of reality : a treatise in the sociology of knowledge
Simpson, G., Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091739 · Cited by 16,462
(1969) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 10,735
Cited by
The dynamics of standardization: Three perspectives on standards in organization studies
Brunsson, N., Rasche, A., & Seidl, D. (2012) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840612450120 · Cited by 392
Self-citationSocial Innovation: Integrating Micro, Meso, and Macro Level Insights From Institutional Theory
van Wijk, J., Zietsma, C., Dorado, S., de Bakker, F. G. A., & Martí, I. (2019) · Business & Society · doi:10.1177/0007650318789104 · Cited by 348
Reflections on the 2018 Decade Award: The Meaning and Dynamics of Corporate Social Responsibility
Matten, D., & Moon, J. (2020) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2019.0348 · Cited by 292
Lindebaum, D., Vesa, M., & den Hond, F. (2020) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0181 · Cited by 290
Fluidity, Identity, and Organizationality: The Communicative Constitution of Anonymous
Dobusch, L., & Schoeneborn, D. (2015) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12139 · Cited by 272
Metadata
- Authors
- Ahrne, G., & Brunsson, N.
- Venue
- Organization
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-09-21
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-104
- ISSN
- 1350-5084 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7323
- OpenAlex
- W2168646264
- Cited by
- 615
- References
- 68
- FWCI
- 25.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Organization outside organizations: the significance of partial organization. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/1350508410376256
- The paper
- Ahrne, G., & Brunsson, N. (2011). Organization outside organizations: the significance of partial organization. Organization. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508410376256
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
