International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions

Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria

Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., Banwell, B., Clanet, M., Cohen, J. A., Filippi, M., Fujihara, K., Havrdova, E., Hutchinson, M., Kappos, L., et al. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22366 · Cited by 9,802

Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica

Wingerchuk, D. M., Lennon, V. A., Pittock, S. J., Lucchinetti, C. F., & Weinshenker, B. G. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74 · Cited by 2,568

Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis

Barkhof, F. (1997) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/120.11.2059 · Cited by 1,251

Disability and T2 MRI lesions: a 20-year follow-up of patients with relapse onset of multiple sclerosis

Fisniku, L. K., Brex, P. A., Altmann, D. R., Miszkiel, K. A., Benton, C. E., Lanyon, R., Thompson, A. J., & Miller, D. H. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm329 · Cited by 897

Consensus definitions proposed for pediatric multiple sclerosis and related disorders

Krupp, L., Banwell, B., & Tenembaum, S. N. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000259422.44235.a8 · Cited by 757

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Tenembaum, S. N., Chamoles, N., & Fejerman, N. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.8.1224 · Cited by 708

Increased Relapse Rate in Pediatric-Onset Compared With Adult-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

Gorman, M., Healy, B. C., Polgar‐Turcsanyi, M., & Chitnis, T. (2009) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2008.505 · Cited by 459

Early onset multiple sclerosis

Бойко, А. Н., Vorobeychik, G., Paty, D. W., Devonshire, V., & Sadovnick, A. D. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.7.1006 · Cited by 417

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Childhood: Epidemiologic, Clinical and Laboratory Features

Leake, J. A. D., Albani, S., Kao, A. S., Senac, M. O., Billman, G. F., Nespeca, M., Paulino, A., Quintela, E. R., Sawyer, M. H., & Bradley, J. S. (2004) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000133048.75452.dd · Cited by 411

Course and prognosis in early-onset MS

Simone, I. L., Carrara, D., Tortorella, C., Liguori, M., Lepore, V. L., Pellegrini, F., Bellacosa, A., Ceccarelli, A., Pavone, I., & Livrea, P. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000036907.37650.8e · Cited by 341

La SEP de l’enfant : est-elle différente de celle de l’adulte ?

Araqi-Houssaini, A., Dany, F., Sekkat, Z., Camara, N. A., Hazim, A., Midafi, N., Otmani, H. E., Moutawakil, B. E., Rafai, M. A., & Slassi, I. (2014) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2014.07.004 · Cited by 3

Persistent pseudobulbar affect secondary to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Li, Q., Luo, S., Ou, J., Huang, R., & Wang, Y. (2015) · Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology · doi:10.3402/snp.v5.26210 · Cited by 3

MRI to Discriminate Pediatric MS from ADEM

Rubin, J. P. (2015) · Pediatric Neurology Briefs · doi:10.15844/pedneurbriefs-29-2-4 · Cited by 3

Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Update in Diagnosis and Management

Ghezzi, A. (2014) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000367621 · Cited by 3

Acute Pseudotumoral Hemicerebellitis in a Child

Alberini, E., Vellante, V., Zennaro, F., Calligaris, L., Barbi, E., Carrozzi, M., & Devescovi, R. (2014) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073814545114 · Cited by 3

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection Mimicking Extrapyramidal Symptoms: A Case Report

Cheng, C.-C., Fan, H., Chi, C., Huang, S., Yeh, L.-L., & Lee, C.-M. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1603618 · Cited by 3

Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children

Salfa, I., Vigevano, F., Valeriani, M., & Papetti, L. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1620267 · Cited by 3

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of children, adolescents, and adults with a clinically isolated syndrome

Milos, R., Szimacsek, M., Leutmezer, F., Rostasy, K. M., Blaschek, A., Karenfort, M., Schimmel, M., Pritsch, M., Gravesande, K. S. V., Weber, M., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.08.003 · Cited by 3

Pediatric Optic Neuritis and Other Demyelinating Optic Neuropathies

Christakis, P. G., & Reginald, Y. A. (2018) · International Ophthalmology Clinics · doi:10.1097/iio.0000000000000240 · Cited by 3

Pediatric acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS) in inpatient hospital settings: The hospitalization rate, costs, and outcomes in the US

Minegishi, M., Takahashi, T., & Testa, M. A. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2019.06.031 · Cited by 3

Multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and differential with early onset multiple sclerosis

Brackett, A. C. S., Fustes, O. J. H., Rodríguez, C. A., & Fustes, O. J. H. (2020) · Intractable & Rare Diseases Research · doi:10.5582/irdr.2020.01009 · Cited by 3

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Chvojka, M., Gut, J., & Jiránek, M. (2020) · Pediatrie pro praxi · doi:10.36290/ped.2020.076 · Cited by 3

Upper Extremity Motor Fatigability as an Early Indicator in Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis

Pilloni, G., Malík, M., Malik, R., Krupp, L., & Charvet, L. E. (2021) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073821999889 · Cited by 3

An Autopsy Case of Elderly Onset Brainstem Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Takai, Y., Tobisawa, S., Funai, A., Komori, T., & Takahashi, K. (2023) · Case Reports in Neurology · doi:10.1159/000529180 · Cited by 3

What an adult multiple sclerosis registry can tell us about pediatric onset multiple sclerosis?

Alkolfat, F., Said, S., Mekky, J. F., & Eldeeb, H. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.104962 · Cited by 4

Clinical characteristics analysis of 24 cases of pediatric MOG antibody-associated diseases

Wang, Y., Guo, X., Zhang, L., Hua, Y., Miao, J., Hu, X., Fan, X., Sun, M., Liu, Y., & Wang, J. (2024) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105911 · Cited by 2

Bridging the triad: A comprehensive review of Susac's syndrome

Yakubik, A., & Delery, E. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578708 · Cited by 2

Prevalence of the Central Vein Sign on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging in People With Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

Kuchling, J., Koukou, G., Bartels, F., Cleaveland, R., Wegener-Panzer, A., Gowert, T., Naggar, I. E., Bertolini, A., Paul, F., Rostasy, K. M., et al. (2025) · Neurology Open Access · doi:10.1212/wn9.0000000000000031 · Cited by 3

ECTRIMS 2024 Lecture: Unraveling the spectrum of the antibody-mediated demyelinating diseases: Emerging insights

Fadda, G., & Palace, J. A. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/13524585251367343 · Cited by 3

Inferring multi-organ genetic connections using imaging and clinical data through Mendelian randomization

Shu, J., Zheng, R., Chirinos, J. A., Copana, C., Li, B., Fan, Z., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Wang, X., Li, Y., et al. (2025) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01554-x · Cited by 3

Bladder and Bowel Management in Adolescents and Young Adults with Multiple Sclerosis Since Childhood: Is Bowel Management Overlooked? A Case Series

Sollini, M. L., Pellegrino, C., Pulvirenti, R., Capitanucci, M. L., Zaccara, A. M., Lentini, G., Monti, M., Bella, G. D., Valeriani, M., & Mosiello, G. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13020225 · Cited by 2

Ozone pollution as a possible trigger for multiple sclerosis in young people: the PEDIGREE study

Bergamaschi, R., Ferraro, O. E., Pisoni, E., Fronza, M., Bova, S. M., Pietro, A., Simone, M., Gallo, A., Suppiej, A., Lanzillo, R., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-026-13688-2 · Cited by 2

Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice—Evidence‐Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue

Zantek, N. D., Alquist, C. R., Hofmann, J. C., Klingel, R., Levenbrown, Y., Onwuemene, O. A., Patidar, G. K., Patriquin, C. J., Raval, J. S., Sanchez, A. P., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Apheresis · doi:10.1002/jca.70141 · Cited by 2

Epidemiology of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Torisu, H. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-53088-0.00019-1 · Cited by 2

Risk factors for idiopathic myelitis at admission and predictors for late diagnostic change

Dias, L., Barbosa, L., Martins, F. S., Braz, L., & Guimarães, J. (2021) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577747 · Cited by 2

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in children: Are there MRI predictors of relapse?

Singh, S., Ness, J., & Marcus, L. (2023) · Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2022.11.003 · Cited by 2

Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection in a prospective cohort of children with neuroinflammatory diseases

Kaufmann, C., Morris, M., & Gombolay, G. Y. (2023) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.06.009 · Cited by 2

Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes

Co, D. O. (2023) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2023.05.017 · Cited by 4

Diagnostic challenge in children with an acquired demyelinating syndrome: an illustrative case report

Midaglia, L. S., Felipe‐Rucián, A., Álvarez, I. D., Montalbán, X., & Tintoré, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1205065 · Cited by 2

Pediatric multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, clinical and radiological features, diagnosis and treatment

Lebedev, V. M. (2023) · Neurology Bulletin · doi:10.17816/nb508722 · Cited by 2

Physical activity and functional limitations in pediatric multiple sclerosis: Are fatigue and depression confounding variables?

Sikes, E. M., Finlayson, M. L., Banwell, B., Marrie, R. A., Yeh, E. A., & Motl, R. W. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.3233/prm-220081 · Cited by 2

West Nile virus encephalomyelitis in an immunocompromised patient

Eid, A. M., & Nakawah, M. O. (2023) · Radiology Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2023.09.050 · Cited by 2

Impact of endocrine dysregulation on disability and non-motor symptoms in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis

Abe, J., Jafarpour, S., Vu, M. H., O’Brien, D., Boyd, N. K., Vogel, B. N., Nguyen, L., Paulsen, K. C., Saucier, L. E., Ahsan, N., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1304610 · Cited by 3

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Associated Disease

Palace, J. A., & Fadda, G. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95702-1.00057-9 · Cited by 2

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease: A Case Report

Teru, S. S., Dogiparthi, J., Bonitz, T. J., & Buzas, C. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.55652 · Cited by 2

COVID-19 Neuroimaging Update: Pathophysiology, Acute Findings, and Post-Acute Developments

McClelland, A. C., Benitez, S., & Burns, J. (2024) · Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI · doi:10.1053/j.sult.2024.03.003 · Cited by 2

Underlying Disorders in Children With Infection-Related Acute Encephalopathy

Nakata, T., Natsume, J., Yamamoto, H., Ito, Y., Suzuki, T., Kawaguchi, M., Shiraki, A., Kumai, S., Sawamura, F., Suzui, R., et al. (2023) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.03.017 · Cited by 2

Acute respiratory failure caused by brainstem demyelinating lesions in an older patient with an atypical relapsing autoimmune disorder

Hongo, S., Shimizu, H., Saji, E., Nakajima, A., Okamoto, K., Kawachi, I., Onodera, O., & Kakita, A. (2024) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/neup.12976 · Cited by 2

A case report of pediatric-onset MS associated uveitis

Mahdizad, Z., Zarei, M., Fakhredin, H., Samiee, R., Heidari, H., & Ebrahimiadib, N. (2024) · Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection · doi:10.1186/s12348-024-00405-1 · Cited by 2

An Insight into Disseminated Acute Encephalomyelitis Pathogenesis and Treatment -A Review

Nooreen, Z., Sumayya, F., Wal, P., Wal, A., Rai, A. K., & Tandon, S. (2024) · Current Aging Science · doi:10.2174/0118746098294208240429091631 · Cited by 2

Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein-Antikörper-assoziierte Erkrankungen

Winkelmann, A., Rommer, P. S., Hecker, M., & Zettl, U. K. (2024) · DGNeurologie · doi:10.1007/s42451-024-00676-x · Cited by 2

Multimodal phenotyping of foveal hypoplasia in albinism and albino-like conditions: a pediatric case series with adaptive optics insights

Bacci, G. M., Marziali, E., Bargiacchi, S., Pâques, M., Virgili, G., Fortunato, P., Durand, M., Rocca, C., Pagliazzi, A., Palazzo, V., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66326-0 · Cited by 2

Implication of Apolipoprotein E gene variants in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: Possible association with disease susceptibility and its clinical characteristics, in a Hellenic cohort

Skarlis, C., Markoglou, N., Artemiadis, A., Gontika, M. P., Koutsis, G., Chrousos, G. P., & Anagnostouli, M. C. (2024) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105797 · Cited by 2

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: a case report and systematic review of factors associated with severe disability and death

Tan, Z., Lin, S. Z. Z., Foong, W. D., & Yong, M. H. (2024) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-024-07715-1 · Cited by 2

Pediatric inflammatory leukoencephalopathies

Abdel‐Mannan, O., & Hacohen, Y. (2024) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99209-1.00001-6 · Cited by 2

Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels in children with acquired demyelinating syndrome

Wu, W., Hou, C., Wu, W., Shen, H., Zeng, Y., Chen, L., Liao, Y., Zhu, H., Tian, Y., Peng, B., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2024.1467020 · Cited by 3

Central Nervous System Demyelination in Paediatric Pars Planitis

Solmaz, İ., Erol, Y. Ö., Konuşkan, B., Kaya, P. Ç., Menderes, D. K., Özdel, S., Öztürk, S., & Ozdal, P. C. (2025) · Ocular Immunology and Inflammation · doi:10.1080/09273948.2025.2487156 · Cited by 2

Physical activity demonstrates protective associations with structural visual metrics in children with multiple sclerosis through time

Stephens, S., Iseyas, N., & Yeh, E. A. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/13524585251335510 · Cited by 2

Age-Onset-Related Particularities of Pediatric MS—Understanding the Spectrum: A Tertiary Center Experience

Dică, A. D., Craiu, D., Lincă, F. I., Budișteanu, M., Iliescu, C., Sandu, C., Pomeran, C., Bârcă, D., Butoianu, N., Burloiu, C., et al. (2025) · Diseases · doi:10.3390/diseases13070193 · Cited by 2

Comparative characteristic of laboratory indicators for encephalitis, disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis in children

Skripchenko, E. Y., Alekseeva, L. A., Скрипченко, Н. В., & Бессонова, Т. В. (2018) · Russian Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.17650/2073-8803-2018-13-3-25-35 · Cited by 2

La sclerosi multipla in età pediatrica e adolescenziale

Carrozzi, M., Iacono, A., Gortani, G., Piscaglia, M. G., Marchetti, F., & Barbi, E. (2023) · Medico e Bambino · doi:10.53126/meb42220 · Cited by 2

Paediatric MS is the same disease as adult MS: Commentary

Dale, R. C. (2013) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458513489759 · Cited by 2

The Swollen Optic Disc in Children

Brodsky, M. C. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3384-6_3 · Cited by 2

Diagnostic Challenges in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Banwell, B., & Yeshokumar, A. K. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1604421 · Cited by 2

A unique case of multiphasic ADEM or what else?

Losavio, F. A., Massimiliano Mirabella, A., Tricoli, L., Silvestri, G., Fino, C. D., Lucchini, M., & Nociti, V. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2019.07.012 · Cited by 2

Association between acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and thyroid autoimmunity in children

Wang, Y.-Y., Tian, X., Zheng, H., Guo, Y., Zuo, Y., Cong, M., & Zhang, H. (2020) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2020.102573 · Cited by 2

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in a 2-Year-Old Patient Following COVID-19

Robinson, A., Chapman, L., & Watts, W. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736602 · Cited by 2

Incidence of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis in Iran within 2000-2019.

Nasehi, M. M., Nikkhah, A., Moosazadeh, M., Saket, S., & Alizadeh‐Navaei, R. (2022) · Iranian journal of child neurology. · doi:10.22037/ijcn.v16i1.35572 · Cited by 2

Prognostic relevance of persistence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody in pediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Banerjee, A., & Mitra, M. (2022) · Asian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3126/ajms.v13i3.41220 · Cited by 2

Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnostics and Treatment (Review)

Куликова, С. Л., Кузнецова, А. В., Sa, L., & Голец, Ю. Н. (2021) · Неврология и нейрохирургия Восточная Европа · doi:10.34883/pi.2021.11.1.034 · Cited by 2

Childhood CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases

Eyre, M., Absoud, M., & Wassmer, E. (2014) · Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1016/j.paed.2014.04.011 · Cited by 2

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Venkateswaran, S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31190-6_13 · Cited by 2

Pinch Strength Measurements in Adolescents With Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

Squillace, M., Krupp, L., Ray, S. A., & Muratori, L. M. (2022) · International Journal of MS Care · doi:10.7224/1537-2073.2021-046 · Cited by 2

Prognostic factors for functional recovery in children with moderate to severe acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Chen, L., Cheng, J.-F., Chang, T., Hsu, M., Huang, C., & Chang, Y. (2022) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.104056 · Cited by 2

Neurodegeneration and humoral response proteins in cerebrospinal fluid associate with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis and not monophasic demyelinating syndromes in childhood

Bruijstens, A. L., Stingl, C., Güzel, C., Stoop, M. P., Wong, Y. Y. M., van Pelt, E. D., Banwell, B., Bar‐Or, A., Luider, T. M., Neuteboom, R. F., et al. (2022) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/13524585221125369 · Cited by 2

Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Agrawal, A., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4800-8_11 · Cited by 2

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Following COVID-19 Infection

Assi, F., Abdallah, R., Mecheik, A., Rahhal, H., & Wazne, J. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.33365 · Cited by 2

Distinct MRI characteristics of spinal cord diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered in comparison to spinal cord glioma without H3 K27-alteration and demyelination disorder

Ying, Y., Liu, X., Li, X., Mei, N., Ruan, Z., Lu, Y., & Yin, B. (2023) · Acta Radiologica · doi:10.1177/02841851231215803 · Cited by 3

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Clinical Features, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

Hussein, O., & Minagar, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51220-4_7 · Cited by 2

Clinical Course and Treatment in MOG Antibody Seropositive Children: A Case Series

Kim, G., Saxena, S., & Chitnis, T. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1608795 · Cited by 2

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and Other Acute Parainfectious Syndromes

Auger, C., & Rovira, À. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61423-6_53-1 · Cited by 2

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Brenton, J. N. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811709-5.00017-x · Cited by 2

A Study on Etiological Profile of Non-Compressive Myelopathies in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Tamilnadu

Thangaraj, M., & Jayasankar, V. (2019) · International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR] · doi:10.21276/ijcmr.2019.6.9.5 · Cited by 2

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody (MOG-IgG) associated disease with centrally located long spinal cord lesion in a 14-month old child

Noh, M. S. F. M. (2020) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/1179573520955008 · Cited by 2

Problem solving in clinical practice: an unusual cause of multifocal brain lesions

Hodgson, J. M., Douch, C., Hartley, L., Merve, A., Devadass, A., & Chatterjee, F. (2020) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Education & Practice · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-319655 · Cited by 2

Inadequate Vaccine Responses in Children With Multiple Sclerosis

Santoro, J. D., Saucier, L. E., Tanna, R., Wiegand, S. E., Pagarkar, D., Tempchin, A. F., Khoshnood, M. M., Ahsan, N., & van Haren, K. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.790159 · Cited by 2

Evolution of clinically isolated syndrome to pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis and a review of the literature

Solmaz, İ., & Öncel, I. H. (2022) · TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES · doi:10.55730/1300-0144.5434 · Cited by 2

Is the early course of multiple sclerosis the same in adults and children?

Brownlee, W. J., & Ciccarelli, O. (2016) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13230 · Cited by 2

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalomyelitis

Höftberger, R., & Lassmann, H. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781119467748.ch26 · Cited by 2

Neurological Complications of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of LiteraturePreprint

Sriwastava, S., Srivast, S., Kataria, S., Melnic, V., Adcock, A. K., & Sheikh, Z. B. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-35507/v1 · Cited by 2

Diagnoses in Pediatric Patients With Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Lesions Suspicious for Demyelination

Sweeney, M. L., Kukreja, M., Horn, P. S., & Standridge, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073815578522 · Cited by 1

NEW INSIGHTS IN THE NATURAL HISTORY OF EARLY-ONSET MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Homorodean, R., & Perju‐Dumbravă, L. (2016) · Romanian Journal of Neurology · doi:10.37897/rjn.2016.3.4 · Cited by 1

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following endonasal resection of a craniopharyngioma: illustrative case

Gag, K., Müller, J., Süße, M., Fleischmann, R., & Schroeder, H. W. S. (2021) · Journal of Neurosurgery Case Lessons · doi:10.3171/case21293 · Cited by 1

Pediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies

Redzek-Mudrinic, T., Kavečan, I., Koprivšek, K., Rakić, G., & Pajic, J. (2022) · Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo · doi:10.2298/sarh211202024r · Cited by 1

Demyelinating, inflammatory, infectious, and infiltrative optic neuropathies

Heidary, G. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-6616-0.00056-6 · Cited by 1

Effects of the ketogenic diet on multiple sclerosis with a focus on the paediatric population

SZPONAROWICZ, P., Raczkiewicz, P., RZESZUTKO, M., SNOPKOWSKI, B., PANEK, E., JASŁOWSKI, D., Panasiuk, D., Korzec, T., Sosnowski, J., & SKRĘTOWICZ, M. (2023) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2023.25.01.005 · Cited by 1

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following Saint Louis encephalitis virus infection

Pedrosa, D. A., Oliveira, L. K. L. D. P., Bertanha, R., Amaro, E., Fernandes, G. B. P., & Thomaz, R. B. (2024) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-023-07246-1 · Cited by 1

Sexual Health Education and Quality of Counseling in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

Burk, K. C., Pagarkar, D., Khoshnood, M. M., Jafarpour, S., Ahsan, N., Mitchell, W. G., & Santoro, J. D. (2024) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.05.015 · Cited by 1

Encefalitis aguda diseminada en paciente pediátrico: reporte de caso

Ardila, O. I. R., Flores, M. F. M., & Nuño, J. I. B. (2024) · Revista Med · doi:10.18359/rmed.6959 · Cited by 1

Social network characteristics and their relationships with physical activity in children with multiple sclerosis

Yoo, P. Y., Kumari, S., Stephens, S., & Yeh, E. A. (2024) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105865 · Cited by 4

Management and outcomes of pediatric optic neuritis in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study

Aldebasi, T. M., Altuwaijri, W., Gangadharan, S., Alhammad, D., Alakel, A., Albekairy, N. A., & Badri, M. (2024) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-024-03982-9 · Cited by 1

Safety and Efficacy of Teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

AlMuhaish, M. A., Allowaihiq, L. H., Alghamdi, S. K., AlKhawajah, S., Aldawsari, D. S., Badi, A. A., Aldhafyan, S. O., Alwehaibi, H. F., & Mohaini, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Trends in Medical Research · doi:10.4103/atmr.atmr_172_24 · Cited by 1

Neuropsychological outcomes in pediatric MOGAD: clinical practice and future research

Rudebeck, S. R., Eyre, M., & Lim, M. J. (2025) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2025.2489697 · Cited by 1

Clinical presentation, MR imaging and outcome in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-negative acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Panagi, M., Blaschek, A., Selek, A., Baumann, M., Cleaveland, R., Panzer, A., Conrad, C., Marina, A. D., Egler, K., Finsterwalder, J., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.05.009 · Cited by 1

Clinical Spectrum of Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes in Children: A Tertiary Hospital Experience

Almuqbil, M. A., Aljomah, L. S., Almahmoud, N., Altuwaijri, W., Alrumayyan, A., & Alrifai, M. T. (2025) · Neurology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40120-025-00768-0 · Cited by 1

Current epidemiology of MS with onset in childhood and adolescence (pediatric multiple sclerosis)

Boyko, A. N. (2025) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202512507234 · Cited by 1

Clinical, Radiologic, and Optical Coherence Tomographic Features of Pediatric Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Comparison of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody–Positive and –Negative Cases

Nguyen, L., Singh, S., Wang, C. X., & Greenberg, B. M. (2025) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2025.07.013 · Cited by 1

A20 (TNFAIP3) Distinguishes Attack From Remission in Pediatric Patients With Monophasic MOGAD

Lechner, C., Saxena, S., Lokhande, H. A., Breu, M., Eisenkölbl, A., Karenfort, M., Klein, A., Leiz, S., Preisel, M., Rooney, T., et al. (2025) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000200452 · Cited by 1

Impact of age at onset on diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: A multicenter study from Turkey

Ethemoğlu, Ö., Bilge, N., Seferoğlu, M., Ömerhoca, S., Bünül, S. D., Gökçe, Ş. F., Sıvacı, A. Ö., ÇİNAR, B. P., Efendi, H., & Kale, N. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106770 · Cited by 1

Significance of brain lesions associated with optic neuritis in pediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease

Xie, V. X., Chen, H., Har, C. M., Spagnolo, K., Güryildirim, M., Kahn, I. L., Sepeta, L. N., Sotirchos, E. S., & Kornbluh, A. B. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106810 · Cited by 1

Challenges in the classification of pediatric multiple sclerosis and future directions

Belman, A. L., Chitnis, T., Renoux, C., & Waubant, E. L. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000259421.40556.76 · Cited by 27

Consensus definitions proposed for pediatric multiple sclerosis and related disorders

Krupp, L., Banwell, B., & Tenembaum, S. N. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000259422.44235.a8 · Cited by 757

[An interpretation of consensus statements on diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children (2012 version)].

Yang, K.-F., & Chen, Y. (2016) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.12.001

Consensus definitions for pediatric MS and other demyelinating disorders in childhood

Tardieu, M., Banwell, B., Wolinsky, J. S., Pohl, D., & Krupp, L. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002877 · Cited by 78

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children: An Updated Review Based on Current Diagnostic Criteria

Cole, J. J., Evans, E. M., Mwangi, M., & Mar, S. (2019) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.06.017 · Cited by 135