A national study of the prevalence of autism among five-year-old children in Iran
Abstract
In Iran, more than 1.3 million five-year olds have been screened for autism over three academic years, with the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is used to confirm a diagnosis of typical autism. The resulting prevalence of 6.26 per 10,000 for typical autism is in line with rates for certain countries but is lower than those reported recently for some Western nations. This may be due to the younger age range assessed but the suitability of the tools and aspects of Iranian culture could be other reasons for the lower prevalence. International comparisons of prevalence rates is fraught with difficulties, but it is a valuable endeavour as it can identify issues around cultural and societal perceptions of children’s development.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The review identified ASD prevalence data for eight countries.
“Our literature search identified prevalence data for eight countries [17,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [43]
Translation of a screening or diagnostic instrument may adversely affect its psychometric properties and therefore its sensitivity in picking up cues for autism.
“Translation of a screening or diagnostic instrument may adversely affect its psychometric properties and therefore its sensitivity in picking up the cues for autism [43].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [43]
The PDD prevalence estimate ranged from 6.3 in Iran to 181.0 in Japan, and on average was >30 in Europe.
“The PDD prevalence estimate ranged from 6.3 in Iran [43] to 181.0 in Japan [45], and, on average, was >30 in Europe.”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [43]
Cites
Bulletin of the World Health Organization
van der Sande, M. A. B., Walraven, G. E. L., Milligan, P. J., BANYA, W. A. S., CEESAY, S. M., Nyan, O. A., & McAdam, K. P. W. J. (2001) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · Cited by 7,097 · see citing works
The burden of oral disease: challenges to improving oral health in the 21st century.
Petersen, P. E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 3,569 · see citing works
International Journal of Special Education
(2022) · doi:10.52783/ijse · Cited by 2,527 · see citing works
Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., & Charman, T. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69041-7 · Cited by 2,104 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Fombonne, E. (2009) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e31819e7203 · Cited by 1,971 · see citing works
Rice, C. E. (2009) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e562722010-001 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Parental recognition of developmental abnormalities in autism
GIACOMO, A. D., & Fombonne, E. J. (1998) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s007870050058 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Prevalence of Autism in a United States Population: The Brick Township, New Jersey, Investigation
Bertrand, J., Mars, A. E., Boyle, C. A., Bove, F., Yeargin‐Allsopp, M., & Decouflé, P. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.108.5.1155 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders
Matson, J. L., & Kozlowski, A. M. (2010) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.004 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
You can't take it with you: Why ability assessments don't cross cultures.
Greenfield, P. M. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.10.1115 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Systematic review of prevalence studies of autism spectrum disorders
Williams, J. G. (2005) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2004.062083 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
CHANDLER, S., CHARMAN, T., BAIRD, G., SIMONOFF, E., LOUCAS, T., MELDRUM, D., SCOTT, M., & PICKLES, A. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31812f7d8d · Cited by 410 · see citing works
The Changing Epidemiology of Autism
Fombonne, E. J. (2005) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00266.x · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Fombonne, E., Zakarian, R., Bennett, A., Meng, L., & McLean-Heywood, D. (2006) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2993 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Multicultural Issues in Autism
Dyches, T. T., Wilder, L. K., Sudweeks, R. R., Obiakor, F. E., & Algozzine, B. (2004) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/b:jadd.0000022611.80478.73 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Engle, K. K. (1980) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.34.4.284c · Cited by 339 · see citing works
From symptom recognition to diagnosis: children with autism in urban India
Daley, T. C. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00330-7 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Brief report: Autism and asperger syndrome in seven-year-old children: A total population study
Kadesjö, B., Gillberg, C., & Hagberg, B. (1999) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1022115520317 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Epidemiological Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder in China
Wong, V. C. N., & Hui, S. L. H. (2007) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073807308702 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Trends in Autism Prevalence: Diagnostic Substitution Revisited
Coo, H., Ouellette-Kuntz, H. M. J., Lloyd, J. E. V., Kasmara, L., Holden, J. J. A., & Lewis, M. E. S. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0478-x · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality in Iran and across its provinces.
Hosseinpoor, A. R., Mohammad, K., Majdzadeh, R., Naghavi, M., Abolhassani, F., Sousa, A., Speybroeck, N., Jamshidi, H., & Vega, J. (2005) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Differences Among States in the Identification of Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Mandell, D. S., & Palmer, R. (2005) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.3.266 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Epidemiological and clinical study of autistic children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Wignyosumarto, S., Mukhlas, M., & Shirataki, S. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Ghanizadeh, A. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0445-6 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Reliability of the ADI-R: Multiple Examiners Evaluate a Single Case
Cicchetti, D. V., Lord, C., Koenig, K., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. R. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0448-3 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
(2006) · SUNY Digital Repository Support (State University of New York System) · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Autism and mental retardation of young children in China.
Zhang, X., & Ji, C.-Y. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Comparative Policy Brief: Status of Intellectual Disabilities in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Samadi, S. A. (2008) · Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/j.1741-1130.2008.00160.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationCultural influences on the behavioral symptoms of autism in Kenya and the United States of America
Weru, J. W. (2005) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
What Is the Male-to-Female Ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. P. L. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013 · Cited by 2,804 · see citing works
Global Prevalence of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Elsabbagh, M., Divan, G., Koh, Y., Kim, Y. S., Kauchali, S., Marcín, C., Montiel‐Nava, C., Patel, V., Paula, C. S., Wang, C., et al. (2012) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.239 · Cited by 2,636 · see citing works
Salari, N., Rasoulpoor, S., Rasoulpoor, S., Shohaimi, S., Jafarpour, S., Abdoli, N., Khaledi-Paveh, B., & Mohammadi, M. (2022) · Italian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-022-01310-w · Cited by 571 · see citing works
The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: A three-level meta-analysis
Talantseva, O. I., Romanova, R. S., Shurdova, E. M., Dolgorukova, T. A., Sologub, P. S., Titova, O. S., Kleeva, D. F., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1071181 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Qiu, S., Lu, Y., Li, Y., Shi, J., Cui, H., Gu, Y., Li, Y., Zhong, W., Zhu, X., Liu, Y., et al. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112679 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Social Responsiveness Scale
Gau, S. S., Liu, L., Wu, Y., Chiu, Y., & Tsai, W. (2012) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.10.004 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Ghanizadeh, A. J., & Sarani, E. M. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-196 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Ghalichi, F., Ghaemmaghami, J., Malek, A., & Ostadrahimi, A. (2016) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-016-0040-z · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Autism in Developing Countries: Lessons from Iran
Samadi, S. A., & McConkey, R. (2011) · Autism Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2011/145359 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationVitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
Mazahery, H., Camargo, C., Conlon, C., Beck, K., Kruger, M., & Von Hurst, P. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8040236 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Autistic Traits in the UK, India and Malaysia
Freeth, M., Sheppard, E., Ramachandran, R., & Milne, E. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1808-9 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Rudra, A., Belmonte, M. K., Soni, P. K., Banerjee, S., Mukerji, S., & Chakrabarti, B. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1812 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Screening for Autism in Iranian Preschoolers: Contrasting M-CHAT and a Scale Developed in Iran
Samadi, S. A., & McConkey, R. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2454-1 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationSamadi, S. A., McConkey, R., & Kelly, G. (2013) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361311435156 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationDaley, T. C., Singhal, N., & Krishnamurthy, V. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1750-2 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Screening for autism spectrum disorder in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Stewart, L., & Lee, L.-C. (2017) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361316677025 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
McCormack, G., Dillon, A. C., Healy, O., Walsh, C., & Lydon, S. (2019) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-019-00189-4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The utility of the Gilliam autism rating scale for identifying Iranian children with autism
Samadi, S. A., & McConkey, R. (2013) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2013.797514 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationYousefian, F., Mahvi, A. H., Yunesian, M., Hassanvand, M. S., Kashani, H., & Amini, H. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.259 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Maskari, T. S. A., Melville, C. A., & Willis, D. S. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-018-0200-8 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among children in China: a systematic review.
Wan, Y., Hu, Q., Li, T., Jiang, L., Du, Y., Feng, L., Wong, J. C. M., & Li, C. (2013) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.02.003 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Changes in the Diagnosis of Autism: How Parents and Professionals Act and React in France
Chamak, B., & Bonniau, B. (2013) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-013-9323-1 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in West Pomeranian and Pomeranian Regions of Poland
Skonieczna‐Żydecka, K., Gorzkowska, I., Pierzak‐Sominka, J., & Adler, G. (2016) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12238 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Autism Across Cultures: Perspectives From Non‐Western Cultures and Implications for Research
Freeth, M., Milne, E., Sheppard, E., & Ramachandran, R. (2014) · Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Fourth Edition · doi:10.1002/9781118911389.hautc43 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Developmental neurogenetics and multimodal neuroimaging of sex differences in autism
Chen, C., & Horn, J. D. V. (2016) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9504-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
A systematic review of screening tools in non-young children and adults for autism spectrum disorder
Hirota, T., So, R., Kim, Y. S., LEVENTHAL, B. L., & EPSTEIN, R. A. (2018) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2018.05.017 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Job Burnout among Iranian Elementary School Teachers of Students with Autism: a Comparative Study.
Zarafshan, H., Mohammadi, M. R., Ahmadi, F., & Arsalani, A. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Impact of DSM-5 on epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Tsai, L. Y. (2014) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.016 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Samadi, S. A., Moradi, S. B., Khandani, F., Foladgar, M., Poursaid-Mohammad, M., & McConkey, R. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10110892 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalencia de los trastornos del espectro autista: revisión de datos
Marín, F. A., Alonso-Esteban, Y., & Iturralde, S. M. (2016) · Siglo Cero: Revista Española sobre Discapacidad Intelectual · doi:10.14201/scero2016474726 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Piraneh, H., Gholami, M., Sargeran, K., & Shamshiri, A. R. (2022) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-022-03178-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The autism puzzle: challenging a mechanistic model on conceptual and historical grounds
Verhoeff, B. (2013) · Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine · doi:10.1186/1747-5341-8-17 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Akhani, A., Dehghani, M. R., Gharraee, B., & Shooshtari, M. H. (2021) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102735 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Akomolafe, A. F., Abdallah, B. M., Mahmood, F. R., Elshoeibi, A. M., Al-Khulaifi, A. A., Mahmoud, E., Dweidri, Y., Darwish, N., Yousif, D., Khalid, H., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23651-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Epidemiological Surveys of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Myers, J., Chavez, A. E., Hill, A. P., Zuckerman, K. E., & Fombonne, E. J. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108297769.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Genetic Variants of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Are Linked to Autism: A Case-Control Study
Firouzabadi, N., Ghazanfari, N., Shoushtari, A. A., Erfani, N., Fathi, F., Bazrafkan, M., & Bahramali, E. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153667 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Efficacy of Memantine as Adjunct Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Aged <14 Years
Karahmadi, M., Tarrahi, M. J., Ardestani, S. S. V., Omranifard, V., & Farzaneh, B. (2018) · Advanced Biomedical Research · doi:10.4103/abr.abr_100_18 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Public awareness and stigma of autism spectrum disorder in Iran; An online survey
Rafiei, M., Nakhostin-Ansari, A., Meshkat, S., Khosravi, A., & Memari, A. H. (2023) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104441 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Presmanes Hill, A., Zuckerman, K., & Fombonne, E. (2015) · Translational Approaches to Autism Spectrum Disorder · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16321-5_2 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
McConkey, R., & Samadi, S. A. (2012) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.707744 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationRezaei, M., Moradi, A., Tehrani‐Doost, M., Hassanabadi, H., & Khosroabadi, R. (2018) · Children · doi:10.3390/children5020019 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Meditation as a Potential Therapy for Autism: A Review
Sequeira, S. M., & Ahmed, M. (2012) · Autism Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/835847 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Current Status of Health and Social Services for Children with Autism in Iran: Parents’ Perspectives
Zarafshan, H., Mohammadi, M. R., Abolhassani, F., Motevalian, S. A., Sepasi, N., & Sharifi, V. (2019) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18502/ijps.v14i1.427 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
French, L. R., Bertone, A., Hyde, K. L., & Fombonne, E. J. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391924-3.00001-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The intervention priorities of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders in Iran
Ghanadzade, M., Waltz, M., & Ragi, T. (2018) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.08.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Prevalence of Malocclusion and Occlusal Traits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Farmani, S., Ajami, S., & Babanouri, N. (2020) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry · doi:10.2147/ccide.s262679 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Silvi, C., Scott‐Parker, B., & Jones, C. M. (2017) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-017-0068-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Comparison of urinary oxidative biomarkers in Iranian children with autism
Ranjbar, A., Rashedi, V., & Rezaei, M. (2014) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.010 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The challenges of screening pre-school children for autism spectrum disorders in Iran
Samadi, S. A., Mohammad, M. P., Ghanimi, F., & McConkey, R. (2016) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1107637 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationAlamdarloo, G. H., & Mradi, H. (2020) · Advances in Autism · doi:10.1108/aia-12-2019-0051 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Living under psychosocial pressure: Perception of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders
Ebadi, M., Samadi, S. A., Mardani‐Hamooleh, M., & Seyedfatemi, N. (2021) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.12310 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationÉpidémiologie de l’autisme : où en sommes-nous ?
Fombonne, E. J., Myers, J., Chavez, A. E., Hill, A. P., Zuckerman, K. E., & Pry, R. (2019) · Enfance · doi:10.3917/enf2.191.0013 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Advanced Parental Age and Risk of Positive Autism Spectrum Disorders Screening
Manzouri, L., Yousefian, S., Keshtkari, A., & Abad, N. H. M. (2019) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_25_19 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mahmood, H. M., Aldhalaan, H., Alshammari, T. K., Alqasem, M., Alshammari, M. A., Albekairi, N. A., & AlSharari, S. D. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2342 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Shahrokhi, H., Ghiasi, A., Gholipour, K., Fanid, L. M., Shamekhi, H., & Iezadi, S. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03061-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Samadi, S. A., McConkey, R., & Mahmoodizadeh, A. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320974558 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationFamilies raising children attending autism-specific government-funded schools in South Africa
Erasmus, S., Kritzinger, A., & van der Linde, J. (2019) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2019.1676292 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The experiences of families raising autistic children: A phenomenological study
Khiavi, F. F., Zahiri, M., Amiri, E., Dindamal, B., & Pirani, N. (2021) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_837_20 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Moharreri, F., Abdollahian, E., Hosseini, S. A., & Mirzadeh, M. (2017) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.22038/ijp.2017.18557.1516 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Haem, E., Doostfatemeh, M., Firouzabadi, N., Ghazanfari, N., & Karlsson, M. O. (2020) · Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics · doi:10.1007/s10928-020-09686-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Estimating the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in Lebanon
Richa, S., Khoury, R. E., JRouhayem, J., Chammay, R. E., Kazour, F., Khalil, R. B., Kheir, W., Choueifaty, D. E., Hreich, E. K., Gerbaka, B., et al. (2020) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.015 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Hill, A. P., Zuckerman, K. E., & Fombonne, E. J. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118911389.hautc03 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Effects of a school-based program on Iranian students’ well-being
Asanjarani, F., & Asgari, M. (2020) · International Journal of School & Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/21683603.2020.1758858 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Samadi, S. A., Nouparst, Z., Mohammad, M. P., Ghanimi, F., & McConkey, R. (2018) · International Journal of Disability Development and Education · doi:10.1080/1034912x.2018.1535108 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk Factors for Autistic Disorder: A Case-Control Study
Malek, A., Farhang, S., Amiri, S., Abdi, S., Rezaih, A. R., & Asadian, M. (2019) · Iranian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.5812/ijp.80935 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mobasheri, L., Moossavi, S. Z., Esmaeili, A., Khorasani, M., & Sarab, G. A. (2019) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2019.144133 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Autism Research in Iran: A Scientometric Study
Zarafshan, H., Mohammadi, M. R., Motevalian, S. A., Abolhassani, F., Khaleghi, A., & Sharifi, V. (2016) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs.7350 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Khanzadeh, A. A. H., & Imankhah, F. (2017) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · doi:10.29252/nirp.jpcp.5.4.251 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Adjustment difficulties of siblings of children with disabilities and typically developing children
Shojaee, S., Alamdarloo, G. H., & Borujeni, F. N. (2018) · International Journal of Inclusive Education · doi:10.1080/13603116.2018.1464606 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Esfahani, F. N., Shooshtari, M. H., Sosfadi, R. S., Saeed, F., Jalai, F., Farsham, A., & Bidaki, R. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Masoudi, M., Maasoumi, R., Effatpanah, M., Bragazzi, N. L., & Montazeri, A. (2022) · Journal of Medicine and Life · doi:10.25122/jml-2021-0290 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Shrestha, R., Dissanayake, C., & Barbaro, J. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104013 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Epidemiological Surveys of ASD: Current Findings and New Directions
Fombonne, E. J., MacFarlane, H., Salem, A. C., & Zuckerman, K. E. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Shooshtari, M. H., Zarafshan, H., Mohammadian, M., Zareee, J., Karimi, I., & Hooshangi, H. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/ijpcp.25.4.1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Al-Janabi, R. A. A., Saleem, Z. A., Lami, F., Jaber, O. A., Jasim, S. M., Nayeri, N. D., Sabet, M. S., & Al-Gburi, G. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251334166 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Soleymani, Z., Koegel, L. K., Mohammadzaheri, F., Peyghambari, M., Bajalan, M., Malek, A. N., & Bakhshi, E. (2022) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2022.2092738 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis
Johani, F. H., Mohamed, N. E., Majid, M. S. A., Ibrahim, S. D., & Isa, Z. M. (2020) · Sains Malaysiana · doi:10.17576/jsm-2020-4907-13 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Roodbarani, M., Tagharrobi, Z., Sharifi, K., Sooki, Z., & Zare, M. (2024) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.07.048 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Javed, H., Cabibihan, J., Aldosari, M., & Al-Attiyah, A. A. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47437-3_58 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ofogh, S. N., Rasoolijazi, H., Ananloo, E. S., Shahrivar, Z., Joghataei, M. T., Sadeghi, B., Bozorgmehr, A., & Alizadeh, F. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-020-01783-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ghahari, N., Hosseinali, F., de Blois, C. L. C., & Alesheikh, H. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40201-021-00746-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
GRINKER, R. R., Daley, T. C., & Mandell, D. S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1982 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zarafshan, H., Mohammadi, M. R., Abolhassani, F., Motevalian, S. A., & Sharifi, V. (2019) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18502/ijps.v14i2.991 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kheirouri, S., & Farazkhah, T. (2022) · Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1177/09731342221096480 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Stressful life events during pregnancy as risk factors for developing autistic disorder in children
Abdi, S., Malek, A., Amiri, S., Barzegar, H., & Rezaih, A. R. (2016) · Journal of Analytical Research in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.15171/jarcm.2016.035 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Assessing anxiety in Iranian children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Samadi, S. A., McConkey, R., & Rodgers, J. (2020) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101673 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation“Iranian family caregivers of autistic children: the experience of stigma”
Poorkhorshidi, N., Anboohi, S. Z., Jamile, M., & Majd, H. A. (2022) · Advances in Autism · doi:10.1108/aia-08-2021-0037 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chamak, B. (2018) · Enfances & Psy · doi:10.3917/ep.080.0063 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kiyani, Z., Mirzai, H., Hosseini, S. A., Sourtiji, H., Hosseinzadeh, S., & Ebrahimi, E. (2020) · فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توانبخشی · doi:10.32598/rj.21.2.2726.1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Psychopathology of the Parents of Autistic Children Based on the Clinical Personality Disorders
Amiri, S., Ranjbar, F., Hatami, R., Barzegar, H., & Abdi, S. (2016) · Annals of Psychiatry and Treatment · doi:10.17352/apt.000001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Epidemiologia do transtorno do espectro do autismo: rastreamento e prevalência na população
Ribeiro, T. C. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2022.tde-22092022-170809 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
C1q/TNF-related protein-1: Potential biomarker for early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
Raeisy, H., Bayati, P., Noorbakhsh, F., Shooshtari, M. H., Ardebili, M. E., Shekarabi, M., & Mojtabavi, N. (2022) · International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/03946320221079471 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rabiei, F., Ehteshamzadeh, P., Homaei, R., & Jayervand, H. (2024) · Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health · doi:10.61186/jcmh.10.4.8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Autism Research in Iran: A Scientometric Study
Zarafshan, H., Mohammadi, M. R., Motevalian, S. A., Abolhassani, F., Khaleghi, A., & Sharifi, V. (2016) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.17795/ijpbs-7350 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Indicators of Autism in Iranian Children
Ali, S., & McConkey, R. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/52853 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationRashidi, H. H., Sadeghian, E., Shamsaei, F., Tapak, L., & Seyedi, M. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.13088 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jenabi, E., Maleki, A., Ayubi, E., Bashirian, S., Seyedi, M., & Abdoli, S. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41136 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lived Experience of the Social Suffering of the Parents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Child
Khougar, A., Farid, A. A. A., Ranjbar, H., Lotfei, M., & Hakimshoushtari, M. (2019) · Social Welfare · doi:10.29252/refahj.19.72.243 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zarifian, T., Malekian, M., & Azimi, T. (2021) · Iranian Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.32598/irj.19.1.991.1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mohammadi, F., Cheraghi, F., Khazaei, S., Seyedi, M., Rezaei, M., & Mirzaie, F. (2023) · Iranian Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.32598/irj.20.4.1734.1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Samadi, S. A., Mahmoodizadeh, A., & McConkey, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Iranian Special Education Organization, Tehran, Iran
- Venue
- Autism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-05-24
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-14
- ISSN
- 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7005
- OpenAlex
- W2102742082
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Autism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- autism prevalence, 5-year-old children, autism screening, Social Communication Questionnaire, ADI-R, autism diagnosis, Iran
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Iran, Male, Mass Screening, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
