The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 59 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality
Open accessAbstract
Autistic people are at high risk of mental health problems, self-injury and suicidality. However, no studies have explored autistic peoples’ experiences of treatment and support for these difficulties. In partnership with a steering group of autistic adults, an online survey was developed to explore these individuals’ experiences of treatment and support for mental health problems, self-injury and suicidality for the first time. A total of 200 autistic adults (122 females, 77 males and 1 unreported) aged 18–67 (mean = 38.9 years, standard deviation = 11.5), without co-occurring intellectual disability, completed the online survey. Thematic analysis of open-ended questions resulted in an overarching theme that individually tailored treatment and support was both beneficial and desirable, which consisted of three underlying themes: (1) difficulties in accessing treatment and support; (2) lack of understanding and knowledge of autistic people with co-occurring mental health difficulties and (3) appropriate treatment and support, or lack of, impacted autistic people’s well-being and likelihood of seeing suicide as their future. Findings demonstrate an urgent need for autism treatment pathways in mental health services.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In an online survey of 200 autistic adults without co-occurring intellectual disability, participants described tailored treatment and support as beneficial and desirable but often inaccessible. Thematic analysis identified barriers in access, professionals’ lack of autism knowledge, and impacts on well-being, including whether suicide was seen as a future.
Key findings
- Of 200 participants, 90.4% had a mental health diagnosis, most commonly depression and anxiety. For treatment (n = 197), 164 (83.2%) had received or were receiving treatment, while 29 (14.7%) needed/currently needed treatment but had not received it; for support (n = 198), 164 (82.8%) wanted or currently received support, and among those who wanted support and answered on support types (n = 159), 76 (47.8%) currently received none.
- The overarching theme was that individually tailored treatment and support was both beneficial and desirable, with three underlying themes: difficulties accessing treatment and support; lack of understanding and knowledge of autistic people with co-occurring mental health difficulties; and appropriate treatment and support, or lack of, impacting well-being and likelihood of seeing suicide as their future.
- Reported barriers included being dismissed as “coping” (26 participants), support geared towards autistic children (9), long waiting lists and lack of funding (37), lack of local treatment (12), professionals’ poor autism knowledge (89), obstacles to accessing/receiving treatment and support (34), not being believed or listened to (29), and treatment not suited to needs (38).
- Positive and enabling experiences were reported by 63 participants, including improved mental health and well-being; 7 participants said suicide was no longer viewed as part of their future, and some described treatment/support as the reason “I am still alive” (1F) or that “I would not be alive without it” (435M).
Methods
- A participatory online survey was developed with an autistic steering group of eight autistic adults without intellectual disability (six female, two male) across six focus groups; the steering group fed back on three drafts.
- Participants were 200 autistic adults without co-occurring intellectual disability, aged 18–67 (mean = 38.9 years, SD = 11.5), recruited from the United Kingdom through the Cambridge Autism Research Database, charities and support groups, educational institutions, and social media.
- Open-ended survey responses were analysed using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006), from an essentialist, inductive, data-driven position; L.C.-C. carried out the analysis, with themes discussed and refined with S.C. and L.B.
Limitations
- The paper states that respondents were autistic adults able to respond independently online, so results are not generalisable to those with co-occurring intellectual disability; the majority of the sample were autistic women, opposite to the gender bias in the wider autistic population; and many participants had experienced mental health treatment and may have responded because they felt the survey was important, so they may not represent non-responders.
- The paper also states that diagnoses were self-reported, the exploratory qualitative approach cannot draw conclusions on prevalence, only a snapshot of main themes could be displayed, the broad age of autism diagnosis (2–59 years) was not analysed for delayed-diagnosis effects, and treatment and support were not distinguished because participants used the terms interchangeably.
- Evident from the text: the sample is self-selected and predominantly female, and the findings rely on self-report and qualitative interpretation, so the frequency counts are presented as gauges of shared experience rather than prevalence estimates.
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 59 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For other participants, suicide was no longer viewed as part of their future (seven participants):”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Positive and enabling
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 7Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For some then, the experience of being autistic and having co-occurring mental health issues seemed one of falling through a gap in available services (37 participants).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > ‘People like me don’t get support’
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For some, these experiences made a ‘totally life changing difference to my life’ (620F).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Positive and enabling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For other participants, the absence of appropriate treatment and support was at the root of the negative impact on their lives (51 participants):”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Negative Impacts
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants described how their need for support was dismissed due to non-autistic people’s (mis)perceptions of ‘high-functioning’ ASC (26 participants).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > ‘People like me don’t get support’ > Dismissed for treatment or support because viewed as ‘coping’
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants wrote of overcoming a range of specific mental health problems (10 participants), from ‘phobias and anxieties’ (54F) to ‘I now have my OCD under control, I am totally cured of anorexia’ (152F).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Positive and enabling
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 10Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Continuity of care was highly valued (12 participants)”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Lack of understanding and knowledge > Not suited to my needs
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 12Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants also cited a lack of available treatment in their local area (12 participants)”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > ‘People like me don’t get support’ > Long waiting lists and lack of funding
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants wrote of the burden they felt on family and friends: ‘I would like to feel that I was worth some support instead of what I feel at the moment which is that I’m a useless scrounging burden on the people I care about’ (32F)”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Negative Impacts
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When seeking professional help for mental health problems, many participants felt their symptoms were discarded (29 participants)”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Lack of understanding and knowledge > Not believed or listened to
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 48
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 19
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 200 autistic adults were included in the qualitative analysis (122 females, 77 males and 1 unreported), aged 18–67 (M = 38.9 years, SD = 11.5).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Method > Participants
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants also felt excluded from society and the local community: ‘I miss out on my vibrant town’s many events because I can’t cope with the noise and crowds on my own’ (131F).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Negative Impacts
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants also wrote of how not feeling alone (10 participants) made them feel ‘safe’ (28F) and provided them with ‘emotional reassurance’ (7F).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Positive and enabling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Absent or inappropriate support caused participants to feel hopeless, isolated and alone (eight participants):”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Negative Impacts
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With support, life had become ‘manageable’ (181F) and ‘help[ed] me cope better with life’ (143F).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Positive and enabling
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, many argued it was not (22 participants), particularly if it was not adapted to their needs”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Lack of understanding and knowledge > Not suited to my needs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A majority (90.4%) of participants had a mental health diagnosis, most prevalent being depression and anxiety.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Method > Participants
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 200Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants often felt entirely dependent on this support, as external support was inadequate in addressing their needs, but wanted to become more independent and felt ‘guilty’ (7F).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Negative Impacts
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appointments, however, were not long or frequent enough to ‘make yourself well’ (47M) and tainted by worries of them coming to an end (eight participants)”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Lack of understanding and knowledge > Not suited to my needs
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thoughts of ending life were a reality for some participants, who described suicide as an inevitability (four participants):”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Negative Impacts
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants identified long waiting lists and lack of funding (from the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom; 37 participants) as reasons for there being no treatment or support available to them, even if actively suicidal (9 participants)”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > ‘People like me don’t get support’ > Long waiting lists and lack of funding
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Underneath this overarching theme, sat three themes: ‘people like me don’t get support’, ‘lack of understanding and knowledge’ and ‘well-being’”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overarching theme on which this article focuses was that tailored treatment and support is both beneficial and desirable.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: When similar experiences are reported, it provides compelling evidence for a shared understanding of the issues being explored.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some participants argued CBT was an effective treatment (eight participants)”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Lack of understanding and knowledge > Not suited to my needs
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 8Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many participants gained access to the treatment and support they needed by paying for it themselves, while those who could not afford to went without (37 participants)”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > ‘People like me don’t get support’ > Long waiting lists and lack of funding
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In relation to treatment for mental health, self-injury and suicidality (n = 197), 164 participants (83.2%) were currently receiving/had previously received treatment, 29 participants (14.7%) needed/currently needed treatment but had not received it and 4 participants (2%) did not need treatment”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Method > Participants
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 197Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In relation to support, (n = 198) 164 participants (82.8%) reported that they would like to have support or currently receive support. Of those who reported they would like to receive support and answered the question on types of support received (n = 159), 76 participants (47.8%) currently received none”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Method > Participants
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, although participants reported experiences of being excluded from mental health services, with potentially tragic consequences for their well-being, there are also examples of participants benefitting from tailored support and treatment, which had a positive effect on their well-being.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, assumptions were made about autistic people being ‘high-functioning’ and perceived as coping when in fact they were struggling.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In stark contrast to the negative experiences described previously, these positive experiences reported a connection to others, acceptance, independence, autonomy and self-understanding (to name a few) and of suicide no longer being an option.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Positive and enabling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, the participants in this study described how difficulties characteristic of autism, impacted their ability to recognise they need help, effectively request help, and benefit from help when it was finally acquired.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subsequently, participants described difficulty in coping with change (a key part of diagnostic criteria for autism, APA (2013), which meant they preferred consistent and long-term support and treatment.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Specific enablers identified include clinicians being both knowledgeable about mental health in autism and flexible in order to make reasonable adaptations to meet autistic peoples’ needs (Ghaziuddin et al., 2002).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ghaziuddin et al., 2002
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One woman wrote of how the support alleviated pressure and ‘gives her the chance to step outside having to be the good mother and the good daughter and the good wife and just be me’ (175F).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Well-being > Positive and enabling
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants also described a lack of professionals’ understanding of autism, which contributed to barriers in accessing appropriate treatment and support.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants described how these difficulties led to challenges in recognising they needed help and successfully requesting help.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority of participants reported needing support with mental health, mentoring and social activities, but under half actually received this support.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, many participants described how appropriate tailored support and treatment empowered them, gave them autonomy, facilitated their inclusion in social networks and wider society and gave them hope for a future where suicide was no longer an option.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants in this study described that it took much longer to establish a rapport with their therapist or support worker, but there were too few sessions, which caused much anxiety when they came to an end.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Autistic people are at high risk of mental health problems, self-injury and suicidality.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lever and Geurts, 2016
- Not checked yetcites Wigham et al., 2017
- Not checked yetcites Maddox et al., 2017
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, mental health, self-injury and suicidality in autism are poorly understood and under-researched”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cassidy and Rodgers, 2017
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“autistic adults without intellectual disability (ID) are at highest risk of contemplating suicide (66%, Cassidy et al., 2014a), and dying by suicide (Hirvikoski et al., 2016)”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cassidy et al., 2014a
- Not checked yetcites Hirvikoski et al., 2016
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“so a participatory approach is advocated in research”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fletcher-Watson et al., 2018
- Not checked yetcites Pellicano et al., 2014
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“These benefits are magnified when the research question is sensitive, as online surveys provide privacy and anonymity, extending the potential reach further”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Braun et al., 2013
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Findings demonstrate an urgent need for autism treatment pathways in mental health services.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“mental health professionals and psychiatrists are generally not trained in recognising and understanding ASC, meaning services are unprepared to adapt support and treatment to this group”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Raja, 2014
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“L.C.-C. discussed themes with S.C. and L.B., who offered feedback and helped refine themes to ensure interpretation of the data was valid.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Method > Data analysis
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Analysis was carried out by L.C.-C., who was not involved in the steering group discussions facilitated by S.C., L.B. and R.S., to avoid unnecessary bias.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Method > Data analysis
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, despite autistic people being at significantly increased risk of mental health problems and suicidality than the general population, they appear to be less likely to be able to access support and treatment for these difficulties.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A recent study on autism language-use from the perspective of the UK autism community, found the term ‘high-functioning’ can underestimate the problems an autistic person can face on a daily basis (Kenny et al., 2016).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kenny et al., 2016
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Little is currently known about well-being in autism (Robeyns, 2016), but autonomy and a sense of belonging could be particularly important (Milton and Sims, 2016), similar to the general population (Pelton and Cassidy, 2017; Van Orden et al., 2010).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pelton and Cassidy, 2017
- Not checked yetcites Van Orden et al., 2010
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, respondents to the survey were autistic adults who were able to respond independently to an online survey, and therefore results are not generalisable to those with co-occurring intellectual disability.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The lack of distinction between treatment and support in this study, owing to participants using the terms interchangeably, may have reduced the ability to make specific targeted improvements.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A key strength was the participatory approach used in the research, which ensured questions were important, relevant and clear to autistic people.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean age of autism diagnosis was very broad (ranging from 2 to 59 years) and this study did not consider whether delayed diagnosis impacted the experiences of treatment and support.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results from this study are consistent with these results and provide greater detail regarding enablers for autistic accessing services.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participants’ experiences show that this is not only possible, but highly beneficial.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A majority of participants had also experienced mental health treatment and may have responded to the survey as they felt it was important, and many therefore not be representative of those who did not respond.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Yet there is a lack of research, validated assessments and treatment approaches for mental health and suicidality in autistic adults (Cassidy and Rodgers, 2017) and knowledge of autism and mental health among professionals (Raja, 2014).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cassidy and Rodgers, 2017
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A majority of the sample comprised autistic women, opposite to the gender bias in the wider autistic population.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study is the first to explore autistic adults’ experiences of treatment and support for mental health problems and suicidality.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The online recruitment method meant we were able to capture a large sample, and wide range and depth of experiences compared to interviews or focus groups, which are also less accessible to autistic people.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Diagnoses were all self-reported, however, previous research has shown good agreement between self- and clinician report (Daniels et al., 2011).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Daniels et al., 2011
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Participants also described how their experiences of treatment and support impacted their well-being, of which mental health forms a key part (Burgess and Gutstein, 2007).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Burgess and Gutstein, 2007
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These results are consistent with previous research and clinical reports of lack of autism expertise in mental health and psychiatric settings (Raja, 2014) and no autism mental health pathway (Crane et al., 2018).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Raja, 2014
- Not checked yetcites Crane et al., 2018
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Given difficulties with communication, flexible thinking and adapting behaviour in many autistic people, psychological therapy is effective but takes longer and thus requires a higher number of sessions (Anderberg et al. 2017).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Anderberg et al. 2017
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Given the size of the dataset, it was only possible to display a snapshot of the main themes.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results from this study are consistent with these findings, and suggest that appropriate support could improve autistic adults’ well-being, of which autonomy and belonging are a crucial part.”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Little is currently known about well-being in autism (Robeyns, 2016), but autonomy and a sense of belonging could be particularly important (Milton and Sims, 2016), similar to the general population (Pelton and Cassidy, 2017; Van Orden et al., 2010).”
§ ‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Robeyns, 2016
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
No studies have explored autistic people's experiences of treatment and support for mental health problems, self-injury and suicidality.
“However, no studies have explored autistic peoples’ experiences of treatment and support for these difficulties.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Little is known about autistic adults' experiences of receiving treatment and support for mental health problems, self-injury and suicidality, with a majority of studies being quantitative.
“Little is known about autistic adults’ experiences of receiving treatment and support for mental health problems, self-injury and suicidality, with a majority of studies being quantitative.”
The paper relies on this without support.
When similar experiences are reported, it provides compelling evidence for a shared understanding of the issues being explored.
“When similar experiences are reported, it provides compelling evidence for a shared understanding of the issues being explored.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Adult services struggle with providing adequate care for autistic adults (Anderson et al., 2022; Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019; Crane et al., 2019; Nicolaidis et al., 2015)”
From Mindfulness-based stress reduction for autistic adults: A feasibility study in an outpatient context. (2024) · cites this paper as Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Autism/classic autism/ASC women's percentage does not match its count
MinorThe table reports 11 of 121 women as 18.3%, but that count is approximately 9.1%.
Reported 18.3 · recomputed 9.090909
“| Autism/classic autism/ASC | 9 (14.3%) | 11 (18.3%) | 20 (16.8%) |”
Mentoring percentage for women does not match the stated count
MinorTable 3 lists 101 women who would ideally like mentoring out of 101 women answering that question, yet reports 67.3% rather than 100%.
Reported 67.3 · recomputed 100
“| Mentoring | 9 (15.0%) | 10 (10.1%) | 19 (11.9%) | 33 (54.1%) | 101 (67.3%) | 101 (62.3%) |”
AS/HFA total percentage does not match its count
MinorThe table reports 165 of 198 participants as 78.7%, but that count is 83.3%.
Reported 78.7 · recomputed 83.333333
“| AS/HFA | 61 (75.3%) | 104 (80.8%) | 165 (78.7%) |”
PDD/PDD-NOS women's percentage does not match its count
MinorThe table reports one of 121 women as 14.2%, but that count is approximately 0.8%.
Reported 14.2 · recomputed 0.826446
“| PDD/PDD-NOS | 0 (10.4%) | 1 (14.2%) | 1 (12.7%) |”
PDD/PDD-NOS total percentage does not match its count
MinorThe table reports one of 198 participants as 12.7%, but that count is approximately 0.5%.
Reported 12.7 · recomputed 0.505051
“| PDD/PDD-NOS | 0 (10.4%) | 1 (14.2%) | 1 (12.7%) |”
Zero men with PDD/PDD-NOS are assigned a nonzero percentage
MinorThe table reports zero of 77 men as 10.4%; zero of 77 is 0%.
Reported 10.4 · recomputed 0
“| PDD/PDD-NOS | 0 (10.4%) | 1 (14.2%) | 1 (12.7%) |”
AS/HFA women's percentage does not match its count
MinorThe table reports 104 of 121 women as 80.8%, but that count is approximately 86.0%.
Reported 80.8 · recomputed 85.950413
“| AS/HFA | 61 (75.3%) | 104 (80.8%) | 165 (78.7%) |”
Autism/classic autism/ASC total percentage does not match its count
MinorThe table reports 20 of 198 participants as 16.8%, but that count is approximately 10.1%.
Reported 16.8 · recomputed 10.10101
“| Autism/classic autism/ASC | 9 (14.3%) | 11 (18.3%) | 20 (16.8%) |”
Citations
Cites
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“could result in misunderstandings between autistic and non-autistic people (Milton, 2012).”
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“Putting on My Best Normal”: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions
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BackgroundSelf-citationPremature mortality in autism spectrum disorder
Hirvikoski, T., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E., Boman, M., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., & Bölte, S. (2016) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.160192 · Cited by 1,011 · cited 2×
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BackgroundWhat should autism research focus upon? Community views and priorities from the United Kingdom
Pellicano, E., Dinsmore, A., & Charman, T. (2014) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361314529627 · Cited by 800 · cited 1×
“Little is currently known about well-being in autism (Robeyns, 2016), but autonomy and a sense of belonging could be particularly important (Milton and Sims, 2016), similar to the general population (Pelton and Cassidy, 2017; Van Orden et al., 2010).”
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 415
Crowson, S., Poole, D., Scargill, K., & Freeth, M. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231196805 · Cited by 41
Moore, L., Larkin, F., & Foley, S. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06006-6 · Cited by 33
Dückert, S., Gewohn, P., König, H., Schöttle, D., Konnopka, A., Rahlff, P., Erik, F., Vogeley, K. T., Schulz, H., David, N., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05026-x · Cited by 37
“A common feature of all countries is the high level of healthcare expenditures by international standards, ranging from 17.7% of the GDP in die United States to 10% in the United Kingdom [32, 52, 53].”
BackgroundInfluentialZheng, S., Adams, R. E., Taylor, J. L., Pezzimenti, F., & Bishop, S. L. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211008276 · Cited by 29
Gilmore, D., Longo, A., Krantz, M., Radford, D., & Hand, B. N. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01362-z · Cited by 32
“A perfect storm”: Autistic experiences of menopause and midlife
Brady, M. J., Jenkins, C. A., Turner‐Cobb, J. M., Moseley, R. L., van Rensburg, M. J., & Matthews, R. J. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241244548 · Cited by 24
Rodgers, J., Cassidy, S., Pelton, M., Goodwin, J., Wagnild, J. M., Bhattarai, N., Gordon, I., Wilson, C., Heslop, P., Ogundimu, E. O., et al. (2024) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102662 · Cited by 24
Self-citationWigham, S., Ingham, B., Couteur, A. S. L., Wilson, C., Ensum, I., & Parr, J. R. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221097502 · Cited by 25
“, 2019), including those at risk of self-harm and suicidality (Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019).”
BackgroundDarazsdi, Z., & Bialka, C. S. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231154622 · Cited by 23
“Interview questions were informed by qualitative and quantitative studies about autism stigma and autistic’s experiences with mental health care (Ashby & CaustonTheoharis, 2009 ; Botha et al., 2020; Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019; Como et al., 2019; Levinstein, 2018) and were openended (see Appendix 1).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAdams, D., Ambrose, K., Simpson, K., Malone, S. A., & Dargue, N. (2023) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-023-00450-7 · Cited by 23
“Indeed, autistic people describe experiences of acceptance and belonging as a crucial aspect of their well-being (Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019) and theoretical models posit that autistic individuals who report poorer belonging are at increased risk of going on to experience higher levels of anxiety (Shochet et al.”
BackgroundOccurrence and predictors of lifetime suicidality and suicidal ideation in autistic adults
van Bentum, J. S., Sijbrandij, M., Huibers, M. J. H., & Begeer, S. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231225901 · Cited by 24
An Exploratory Study of a Dimensional Assessment of the Diagnostic Criteria for Autism
Brosnan, M. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04474-8 · Cited by 26
Autistic Adult Health and Professional Perceptions of It: Evidence From the ASDEU Project
Micai, M., Ciaramella, A., Salvitti, T., Fulceri, F., Fatta, L. M., Poustka, L., Diehm, R., Iskrov, G. G., Stefanov, R. S., Guillon, Q., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.614102 · Cited by 24
“In recent studies, autistic adults and their carers have reported difficulties in accessing preventive, treatment, and support services (33, 40–42) and poor knowledge among professionals of co-occurring mental health difficulties in autism (41).”
BackgroundMazurek, M. O., Sadikova, E., Cheak-Zamora, N., Hardin, A., Huerta, I., Sohl, K., & Malow, B. A. (2021) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101862 · Cited by 22
Mentalizing and narrative coherence in autistic adults: Cerebellar sequencing and prediction
Bylemans, T., Heleven, E., Baetens, K., Deroost, N., Baeken, C., & Overwalle, F. V. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105045 · Cited by 23
Suicidality in Children with Elevated Autistic Traits
Chen, Y., Chen, Y., & Gau, S. S. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2333 · Cited by 24
Carik, B., Izaac, V. V., Ding, X., Scarpa, A., & Rho, E. H. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714287 · Cited by 21
“Given the higher rates of co-occurring conditions among autistic individuals [15, 18, 26] compared to the general population, medical practitioners and clinicians working with autistic clients and members of the autistic community themselves often stress the importance of addressing NST to improve…”
Trew, S. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231221684 · Cited by 31
“…including organisational, emotional and financial issues, prevent families involvement in these (Anderson & Butt, 2018; Brewster & Coleyshaw, 2011; Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019; Griffith et al., 2012; Huang et al., 2022; Liptak et al., 2011; Ryan, 2010), as well as when healthcare settings fail to…”
BackgroundCervantes, P. E., Li, A. D. R., Sullivan, K. A., Seag, D. E. M., Baroni, A., & Horwitz, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05448-8 · Cited by 22
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“63 Most of our participants reported additional co-occurring physical and mental health conditions (like many autistic adults 10,64,65 ), and while many received government-funded formal support for their autistic children (through the NDIS), relatively few received such support for themselves.”
Jubenville, T. M., Nicholas, D. B., Weiss, J. A., & Cairns, S. L. (2023) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2023.2278858 · Cited by 28
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“, 2017), this population often struggles to access treatment (Geurts and Jansen, 2012; Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019).”
BackgroundPaynter, J. M., Sommer, K., & Cook, A. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251313569 · Cited by 22
Ashworth, E., Bray, L., Hanlon, C. A., Stanway, H., Pavlopoulou, G., Moore, D., Donaghy, B., Coen, E., & Firth, E. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251335715 · Cited by 18
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Re-examining the association between the age of learning one is autistic and adult outcomes
Leung, F. Y. N., Shah, P., Mason, D., & Livingston, L. A. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231173056 · Cited by 17
“Conversely, in our relatively more socio-demographically diverse sample, support for autistic adults could be lacking (e.g., Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019).”
BackgroundAdapting Safety Plans for Autistic Adults with Involvement from the Autism Community
Goodwin, J., Gordon, I., O’Keeffe, S., Carling, S., Berresford, A., Bhattarai, N., Heslop, P., Nielsen, E., O’Connor, R. C., Ogundimu, E. O., et al. (2024) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2023.0124 · Cited by 17
Self-citationCultivating Self-Compassion to Improve Mental Health in Autistic Adults
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Pandemia COVID-19. Perspektywa psychologiczna
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“Camm-Crosbie et al. 20 have similarly found that autistic adults feel effectively excluded from access to mental health services through the lack of adequately resourced services to address their needs.”
‘A storm of post-it notes’: Experiences of perceptual capacity in autism and ADHD
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Challenges and opportunities for conceptualizing intuitive eating in autistic people
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“Unfortunately, general and mental health services do not support autistic adults appropriately and can cause additional harm [ 93 , 94 ], such as trauma [ 95 ], self-injury, and suicidality [ 96 ].”
Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Suicide: A Narrative Review
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“Early diagnosis of depression and awareness of the risk of suicidal thoughts or attempts in individuals with ASD are fundamental factors in preventing suicidality and providing adequate psychological support [112].”
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Nowe wyzwania dla neuropsychologii klinicznej: studia przypadku osób zakażonych wirusem SARS-CoV-2
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Rodziny z dziećmi i nastolatkami w czasach pandemii COVID- 19. Złożony obraz relacji
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Sprawczość i wspólnotowość a lęk i samopoczucie w trakcie pandemii COVID-19
Wojtkowiak, N., & Hansen, K. (2022) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487607.rozdzial05 · Cited by 13
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“43 Further training is needed to develop a workforce that respects Autistic people, is capable of providing the autism-friendly support they need for their QoL, 44,45 and critically, acknowledges that misun-derstandings during interactions between Autistic and non-autistic people are not solely the…”
Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents Presenting to a Multidisciplinary Autism Clinic
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“Although children with ASD are known to have significant difficulty accessing mental health services, we have no a priori hypotheses regarding this aim since the child’s ASD diagnosis was likely not known at the time of referral (Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019; Crane et al., 2019).”
BackgroundCOVID-19 a zaburzenia obsesyjno-kompulsyjne: czy pandemia zmienia obraz OCD?
Hryniszak, W., Sanna, K., & Szramka-Pawlak, B. (2022) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487607.rozdzial09 · Cited by 12
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Powrót do rodzinnych domów w czasie pandemii COVID-19 w doświadczeniu polskich studentów
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‘I Felt Like I was Floating in Space’: Autistic Adults’ Experiences of Low Mood and Depression
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“, 2016) and the individual is perceived as managing well when this may not be the case (Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019).”
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Schema therapy for personality disorders in autistic adults: Results of a multiple case series study
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Patient and caregiver experiences at a specialized primary care center for autistic adults
Hand, B. N., Coury, D. L., Darragh, A. R., White, S., Moffatt, S. D., Harris, L., Longo, A., Gilmore, D., & Garvin, J. H. (2020) · Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research · doi:10.2217/cer-2020-0155 · Cited by 13
The autistic experience of homelessness: Implications from a narrative enquiry
Stone, B., Cameron, A., & Dowling, S. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221105091 · Cited by 12
Cleary, M. L., West, S., McLean, L., Hunt, G. E., Hungerford, C. L., & Kornhaber, R. A. (2022) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2022.2132329 · Cited by 12
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A qualitative exploration of an autism-specific self-compassion program: The ASPAA
Edwards, C., Gibbs, V., Love, A. M. A., Brown, L., & Cai, R. Y. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241234097 · Cited by 12
“The presence of an autism-related mental health crisis has been extensively documented in the literature (Adams & Young, 2020; Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019; Corden et al., 2021; Hollocks et al., 2019; Lai et al., 2019; Maddox & Gaus, 2019; Mandy, 2022), underscoring the importance of creating…”
BackgroundInfluentialWoodhouse, E., Hollingdale, J., Davies, L., Al‐Attar, Z., Young, S., Vinter, L. P., Agyemang, K., Bartlett, C., Berryessa, C. M., Chaplin, E., et al. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03320-3 · Cited by 20
“…[84], restricted and repetitive behaviours [85], difficulties in communicating their experiences and having access to appropriate services [86, 87], the co-occurrence of low mood [88], sub-optimal self-esteem [89] and efforts to camouflage and conform to societal expectations and minimise…”
BackgroundLifetime stressor exposure is related to suicidality in autistic adults: A multinational study
Moseley, R. L., Hedley, D., Turner‐Cobb, J. M., Uljarević, M., Bury, S. M., Shields, G. S., Trollor, J. N., Stokes, M. A., & Slavich, G. M. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241299872 · Cited by 14
Wilson, C., Butler, N., Quigg, Z., Moore, D., & Bellis, M. A. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03821-1 · Cited by 16
“…social determinants of health (e.g. fulfilling employment and education), reduced access to healthcare services or other community-level supports, reduced levels of positive resilience factors in childhood or adulthood, or increased levels of engagement in health risk behaviours [4, 6, 8, 39–41].”
Hand, B. N., Gilmore, D., Harris, L., Darragh, A. R., Hanks, C. D., Coury, D. L., Moffatt, S. D., & Garvin, J. H. (2021) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2020.0082 · Cited by 12
“35 Findings from our study and others 35,36 indicate that autistic adults often have difficulty identifying and establishing care with mental health providers who willing and able to meet their needs.”
Two Halves of the Same Whole: A Framework to Integrate Autism and Mental Health Services
Cleary, M., West, S., Mclean, L., Kornhaber, R., & Hungerford, C. (2022) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2022.2126570 · Cited by 12
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Aller, T. B., Barrett, T. S., Levin, M. E., & McClain, M. B. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.09.001 · Cited by 14
Pérez-Arqueros, M., Jamett-Cuevas, V., Pulgar-Vera, V., Santander-Gonzalez, R., Pemau, A., & Álvarez-Cabrera, P. L. (2025) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.reia.2025.202540 · Cited by 16
Lee, J. Y. S., Whittingham, K., & Mitchell, A. E. (2022) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104343 · Cited by 14
Meta-Synthesis of Autistic Adults’ First-Person Perspectives About Mental Health-Related Services
Andoni, L., Eisenhower, A., Gudknecht, J., & Levitt, H. M. (2026) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2023.0167 · Cited by 11
Procyshyn, T. L., Moseley, R. L., Marsden, S. J. E., Allison, C. L., Parsons, T. A., Cassidy, S., Pelton, M., Weir, E. M., Chikaura, T., Hodges, H., et al. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251370789 · Cited by 12
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“8,45 While results from this study suggest that starting this work with autistic adults experiencing depressive symptoms might be most useful, the transdiagnostic nature of ACT provides a robust clinical framework by which to address satisfaction of life regardless of other MHC autistic adults may…”
O'Brien, C., Jellett, R., & Flower, R. L. (2025) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2023.0135 · Cited by 10
“16,17 This can contribute to feelings of disempowerment and not being heard, and for some, leads to choosing not to disclose they are Autistic to their provider.”
Norris, J. E., Lei, J., & Maras, K. (2024) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330241266723 · Cited by 10
Hedley, D., Williams, Z. J., Deady, M., Batterham, P. J., Bury, S. M., Brown, C. M., Robinson, J., Trollor, J. N., Uljarević, M., & Stokes, M. A. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241289493 · Cited by 12
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Spaargaren, K. L., Roke, Y., Begeer, S., van Straten, A., Riper, H. M., Greaves‐Lord, K., & Scheeren, A. M. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251346885 · Cited by 11
Measuring Comorbid Psychopathology
Halvorsen, M. B., Kildahl, A. N., & Helverschou, S. B. (2022) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_18 · Cited by 10
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Recommended adaptations to therapy services for autistic adults from specialist clinicians
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Identifying as Autistic Without a Formal Diagnosis: Who Self-Identifies as Autistic and Why?
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Suicide and Autism: A Lifespan Perspective
Hedley, D., Hayward, S. M., Clarke, A., Uljarević, M., & Stokes, M. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98697-1_3 · Cited by 9
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“There is just too much going on there”: Nonverbal communication experiences of autistic adults
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“Autistic adults have reported that their NVC is often misunderstood by others [20–22], despite studies reporting that autistic adults produce emotional prosody and facial expressions that are easier to identify than those produced by non-autistic people [7,17,19].”
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“Clinicians endorse low levels of confidence and competence in treating autistic individuals and are often unprepared to assess MH difficulties and adapt their treatment to better support autistic individuals in therapy (Adams & Young, 2021; Brookman-Frazee, Baker-Ericzén, et al., 2012; Brookman-Frazee, Drahota, et al.…”
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“Whereas social participation at work and during leisure time along with the quality of social support networks are important protective factors, their needs in that regard remain unmet.(9) Despite all this, to the best of our knowledge, there are no services with the primary objective of providing social support to au…”
BackgroundNational Autism Indicators Report: Mental Health
Rast, J. E., Garfield, T., Roux, A. M., Miller, K. H. K., Hund, L. M., Tao, S., Kerns, C. M., Rosenau, K. A., Hotez, E., & Anderson, K. A. (2021) · doi:10.17918/nairmentalhealth2021 · Cited by 8
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Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Camm-Crosbie, L., Bradley, L., Shaw, R., Baron-Cohen, S., & Cassidy, S.
- Affiliations
- Coventry University (GB)
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust (GB)
- University of Cambridge, UK
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cassidy, Sarah
- Venue
- Autism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-11-29
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1431-1441
- ISSN
- 1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7005
- PMC
- PMC6625034
- OpenAlex
- W2902777586
- Semantic Scholar
- c78ac9184bbe3ee6cd4d7890322a46658be3d3cb
- Cited by
- 415
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 11.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Autism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Pure (Coventry University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/N000501/2)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- autistic adults, mental illness, self-harm, suicidality, treatment access, mental health support, tailored treatment, well-being, suicide risk, lived experience
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Autistic Disorder, Mental Disorders, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Injurious Behavior, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-08, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-08 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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