Chinese Taoist cognitive psychotherapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in contemporary China
Abstract
Chinese Taoist cognitive psychotherapy (CTCP) combines elements of cognitive therapy and Taoist philosophy. Empirical evidence of its efficacy and mechanisms of action is lacking. This study compared the efficacy of CTCP, benzodiazepines (BDZ), and combined treatment in Chinese patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In total, 143 patients with GAD were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: CTCP only, BDZ only, or combined CTCP and BDZ treatment. Patients were evaluated at intake, and re-examined one and six months after treatment. The results indicated that BDZ treatment rapidly reduced symptoms of GAD at one month, but its effect was lost at six months. CTCP reduced symptoms more slowly and its effect was significant after six months of treatment. Combined treatment led to acute, as well as enduring, symptom reduction. Unlike BDZ treatment, CTCP reduced type A behavior, improved coping style, and decreased neuroticism. It is concluded that CTCP with or without BDZ treatment is a more effective, although slower, method for the treatment of GAD than BDZ for GAD patients in urban China.
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CTCP teaches patients to apply tenets and values of philosophical Taoism, including promoting communal well-being, tempering excess, cultivating humility and flexibility, and aligning with the laws of nature.
“CTCP teaches patients to apply tenets and values of philosophical Taoism, in particular, promoting communal (versus individual) well-being, tempering excess, cultivating humility and flexibility, and aligning with the laws of nature (Zhang et al., 2002).”
From Let Nature Take Its Course: Cultural Adaptation and Pilot Test of Taoist Cognitive Therapy for Chinese American Immigrants With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2020) · cites this paper as Zhang et al., 2002
In a randomized study of 143 Chinese patients with GAD, the CTCP group showed significantly greater improvements in anxiety, and the combination of CTCP and BZD produced the most rapid and enduring improvements.
“In one study, 143 Chinese patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were randomized to CTCP, benzodiazapines (BZD), or combined CTCP and BZD (Zhang et al., 2002). By termination, the CTCP group showed significantly greater improvements in anxiety with the combination of CTCP and BZD produced the most rapid and enduring improvements.”
From Let Nature Take Its Course: Cultural Adaptation and Pilot Test of Taoist Cognitive Therapy for Chinese American Immigrants With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2020) · cites this paper as Zhang et al., 2002
The findings mirror previous investigations reporting CTCP to be effective in significantly reducing symptoms of generalized anxiety in China.
“Our findings mirror previous investigations reporting CTCP to be effective in significantly reducing symptoms of generalized anxiety (Zhang et al., 2002) in China.”
From Let Nature Take Its Course: Cultural Adaptation and Pilot Test of Taoist Cognitive Therapy for Chinese American Immigrants With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2020) · cites this paper as Zhang et al., 2002
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- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Young, D., Lee, S., Zhang, H., Xiao, Z., Hao, W., Feng, Y., Zhou, H., & Chang, D. F.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Shanghai Mental Health Center (CN)
- Ninbo Kangnin Hospital, China
- Daqin Psychiatric Center, China
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Transcultural Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 115-129
- ISSN
- 1363-4615 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7471
- OpenAlex
- W2115532892
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Transcultural Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, benzodiazepines, combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, treatment efficacy, Type A behavior pattern, coping styles, neuroticism, Taoist philosophy, Chinese patients
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