The formative method for adapting psychotherapy (FMAP): a community-based developmental approach to culturally adapting therapy
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How do we culturally adapt psychotherapy for ethnic minorities? Although there has been growing interest in doing so, few therapy adaptation frameworks have been developed. The majority of these frameworks take a top-down theoretical approach to adapting psychotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a community-based developmental approach to modifying psychotherapy for ethnic minorities. The Formative Method for Adapting Psychotherapy (FMAP) is a bottom-up approach that involves collaborating with consumers to generate and support ideas for therapy adaptation. It involves 5-phases that target developing, testing, and reformulating therapy modifications. These phases include: (a) generating knowledge and collaborating with stakeholders (b) integrating generated information with theory and empirical and clinical knowledge, (c) reviewing the initial culturally adapted clinical intervention with stakeholders and revising the culturally adapted intervention, (d) testing the culturally adapted intervention, and (e) finalizing the culturally adapted intervention. Application of the FMAP is illustrated using examples from a study adapting psychotherapy for Chinese Americans, but can also be readily applied to modify therapy for other ethnic groups.
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The Formative Method for Adapting Psychotherapy (FMAP) of Hwang (2009) outlines a community-based approach to cultural adaptation consisting of five phases.
“the Formative Method for Adapting Psychotherapy (FMAP) of (Hwang, 2009) outlines a similar community-based approach to cultural adaptation consisting of five phases: (a) generating knowledge and collaborating with stakeholders, (b) integrating generated information with theory and empirical and clinical knowledge, (c) reviewing the initial culturally adapted clinical intervention with stakeholders”
From Let Nature Take Its Course: Cultural Adaptation and Pilot Test of Taoist Cognitive Therapy for Chinese American Immigrants With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2020) · cites this paper as Hwang, 2009
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- Authors
- Hwang, W.-C.
- Affiliations
- Claremont McKenna College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hwang, Wei-Chin
- ORCID
- Hwang, Wei-Chin
- Venue
- Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 369-377
- ISSN
- 0735-7028 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1323
- PMC
- PMC2898145
- OpenAlex
- W1993676112
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Professional Psychology Research and Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (1R34MH73545-01A2, 1P50MH073511-01A2)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Cultural Competency in Health Care
- Keywords
- culturally adapted psychotherapy, ethnic minorities, community-based development, stakeholder collaboration, Chinese Americans, intervention testing
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