The effectiveness of using neurofeedback in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review
Abstract
Neurofeedback is an innovative treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is readily accessible to mental health therapists. As a widespread mental health concern with potentially devastating long-term consequences on psychosocial functioning, PTSD can also adversely impact biophysiological processes, particularly those related to the brain. Neurofeedback has shown promise in alleviating overall PTSD symptoms, including these underlying neurobiological consequences. Successful results have been found among clients with PTSD who have not been responsive to prior treatment modalities. While a strong base of clinical anecdotes and case studies supports its success in treating PTSD, intervention studies on neurofeedback have been critiqued for lack of rigor and poor methodological design. A current systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of neurofeedback in treating PTSD was conducted. Unlike prior reviews which emphasized neurobiological changes, this study was written for the mental health therapist and focused solely on behavioral outcomes. Ten studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Neurofeedback demonstrated salubrious results in at least one outcome measure for the majority of participants across all studies. Interpretations, however, are limited by wide discrepancies in sample sizes, study designs, outcome measures, and the extent of reported results. Future research in this area would benefit from prioritizing randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longitudinal follow-up results.
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Feedback-based therapies have been used in psychosomatic medicine for depression and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and eating disorders.
“feedback-based therapies have been used for depression and anxiety disorders,8 post-traumatic stress disorder9 and eating disorders.10”
Patients with mental health disorders benefit from feedback-based therapies.
“Overall, current research has already extensively demonstrated that patients with mental health disorders benefit from feedback-based therapies.”
Risks or harms that could affect patients during the study are not anticipated, nor are harms or serious adverse events, based on published literature in similar trials.
“Risks or harms that could affect patients during the study are not anticipated, nor are harms or serious adverse events. In case of unexpected disadvantage or serious adverse events, they are documented and reported by the study team. During the trial, patients have contact with a member of the study team. The risk of the proposed trial was evaluated based on published literature in similar trials”
Some novel interventions have been shown to be effective among survivors of a range of types of trauma not including sexual abuse and violence experienced as an adult.
“Some of these interventions have been shown to be effective among survivors of a range of types of trauma not including sexual abuse and violence experienced as an adult (e.g. see Gray 2019 for a study of RTM; Panish 2020 for a review of neurofeedback)”
From Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood (2023) · cites this paper as Panish 2020
Others have very little robust evidence in any population, with research limited by methodological problems such as lack of control groups or randomisation.
“whilst the others have very little robust evidence in any population, with research limited by methodological problems such as lack of control groups or randomisation (Kelly 2021; Panish 2020).”
From Psychosocial interventions for survivors of rape and sexual assault experienced during adulthood (2023) · cites this paper as Panish 2020
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PTSD Symptoms Comparison EMDR and NFB with IPV Survivors: Ex-Post-Facto Study byPreprint
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- Authors
- Panisch, L. S., & Hai, A. H.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Panisch, Lisa S.
- Venue
- Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-06-11
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 541-550
- ISSN
- 1524-8380 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8324
- OpenAlex
- W2807995556
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trauma Violence & Abuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- neurofeedback, post-traumatic stress disorder, treatment effectiveness, behavioral effects, psychotherapy, randomized controlled trials, methodological quality
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Treatment Outcome, Neurofeedback
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