Rewiring the Brain: Potential Role of the Premotor Cortex in Motor Control, Learning, and Recovery of Function Following Brain Injury
Open accessAbstract
The brain is a plastic organ with a capability to reorganize in response to behavior and/or injury. Following injury to the motor cortex or emergent corticospinal pathways, recovery of function depends on the capacity of surviving anatomical resources to recover and repair in response to task-specific training. One such area implicated in poststroke reorganization to promote recovery of upper extremity recovery is the premotor cortex (PMC). This study reviews the role of distinct subdivisions of PMC: dorsal (PMd) and ventral (PMv) premotor cortices as critical anatomical and physiological nodes within the neural networks for the control and learning of goal-oriented reach and grasp actions in healthy individuals and individuals with stroke. Based on evidence emerging from studies of intrinsic and extrinsic connectivity, transcranial magnetic stimulation, functional neuroimaging, and experimental studies in animals and humans, the authors propose 2 distinct patterns of reorganization that differentially engage ipsilesional and contralesional PMC. Research directions that may offer further insights into the role of PMC in motor control, learning, and poststroke recovery are also proposed. This research may facilitate neuroplasticity for maximal recovery of function following brain injury.
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In humans, good functional recovery after stroke is associated with remapping of sensorimotor function in motor, somatosensory and premotor circuits and is accompanied by increases in cortical thickness in these reorganizing areas.
“In humans, good functional recovery after stroke is associated with remapping of sensorimotor function in motor, somatosensory and premotor circuits5,6 and is accompanied by increases in cortical thickness in these reorganizing areas7.”
From GDF10 is a signal for axonal sprouting and functional recovery after stroke (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
The section on recovery following injury to M1 describes premotor reorganization in humans after stroke, including findings in well-recovered patients. It does not establish that good recovery is associated with remapping across motor, somatosensory, and premotor circuits collectively. The cortical-thickness clause has a separate citation (7) and is not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Kantak, S. S., Stinear, J. W., Buch, E. R., & Cohen, L. G.
- Affiliations
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (US)
- Venue
- Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-09-16
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 282-292
- ISSN
- 0888-4390 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-9683
- 1552-6844
- PMC
- PMC4886541
- OpenAlex
- W2050666996
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 12.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurorehabilitation and neural repair (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (ZIANS002978)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Keywords
- premotor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, ventral premotor cortex, stroke recovery, upper extremity recovery, motor reorganization, neuroplasticity, corticospinal tract, motor learning, reach and grasp, brain injury
- MeSH terms
- Brain Injuries, Humans, Learning, Motor Activity, Motor Cortex, Recovery of Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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