Sequence learning in pianists and nonpianists: An fMRI study of motor expertise
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Previous studies of motor learning have proposed a distinction betweenfast and slow learning, but these mechanisms have rarely been examined simultaneously. We examined the influence of long-term motor expertise (slow learning) while pianists and nonpianists performed alternating epochs of sequenced and random keypresses in response to visual cues (fast learning) during functional neuroimaging. All of the participants demonstrated learning of the sequence as demonstrated by decreasing reaction times (RTs) on sequence trials relative to random trials throughout the session. Pianists also demonstrated faster RTs and superior sequence acquisition in comparison with nonpianists. Within-session decreases in bilateral sensorimotor and parietal activation were observed for both groups. Additionally, there was more extensive activation throughout the session for pianists in comparison with nonpianists across a network of primarily right-lateralized prefrontal, sensorimotor, and parietal regions. These findings provide evidence that different neural systems subserve slow and fast phases of learning.
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Extended training of a motor skill leads to increased rather than decreased task-related activation of the sensorimotor cortex.
“For instance, extended training of a motor skill leads to increased rather than decreased task-related activation of the sensorimotor cortex [56–58, 64–65], and extended training (e.g., for two years) induces learning-related changes in task-related activity of neurons in primary motor cortex [4].”
From Cortical and basal ganglia contributions to habit learning and automaticity (2010) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- LANDAU, S. M., & D'ESPOSITO, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- LANDAU, S. M.
- ORCID
- LANDAU, S. M.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2006-09-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 246-259
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W2055891476
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Dana Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- UC Berkeley College of Chemistry
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH063901, MH 63901)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS40813, P01NS040813)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Keywords
- sequence learning, motor expertise, pianists, motor learning, reaction time, sensorimotor cortex, parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, hemispheric lateralization, neural correlates of learning
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Music, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Serial Learning
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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