Culture and the Home-Field Disadvantage
Abstract
The home-field disadvantage refers to the disadvantage inherent in research that takes a particular cultural group as the starting point or standard for research, including cross-cultural research. We argue that home-field status is a serious handicap that often pushes researchers toward deficit thinking, however good the researchers' intentions may be. In this article, we aim to make this home-field bias more explicit and, in doing so, more avoidable. We discuss three often-overlooked disadvantages that result from this home-field status: the problem of marked versus unmarked culture, the problem of homogenous versus heterogeneous culture, and the problem of regression toward the mean. We also recommend four interventions researchers can apply to avoid the home-field disadvantage or, at the least, attenuate its deleterious effects.
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The conventional medical paradigm implicitly assumes the existence of a typical or 'normal' level of ability held up as the ideal 'state of health', with those who enjoy this state taken as the normative standard and any other unfavourably compared with it.
“As demonstrated in this definition, the conventional medical paradigm implicitly assumes the existence of a typical or ‘normal’ level of ability that is held up as the ideal ‘state of health’; those who enjoy this state are taken as the normative standard and any other is unfavourably compared with it (Akhtar & Jaswal, 2013; Medin, Bennis, & Chandler, 2010).”
From Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science (2022) · cites this paper as Medin, Bennis, & Chandler, 2010
Writing as if variation does not exist downplays the importance of sampling broadly and may lead to inappropriately aggregating across diverse groups or treating underrepresented groups as deficient.
“Writing as if variation does not exist downplays the importance of sampling broadly, and may lead to inappropriately aggregating across diverse groups or treating underrepresented groups as deficient (19,49).”
From Generic language in scientific communication (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
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Novack, M. A., Standley, M., Bang, M., Washinawatok, K., Medin, D. L., & Waxman, S. R. (2021) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001279 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationApproaches to Reduction in Treatments of Culture-Cognition Relations: Affordances and Limitations
Saxe, G. B. (2012) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000341975 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Beer, B., & Bender, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00128 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Turning Tides: Prospects for More Diversity in Cognitive Science
Bender, A., Beller, S., & Medin, D. L. (2012) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01202.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationBuilding Bridges: Cognitive Development in Typical and Atypical Populations
Jaswal, V. K., Akhtar, N., & Burack, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1080/15248372.2016.1199633 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Evaluating “Meaningful Differences” in Learning and Communication Across SES Backgrounds
Huang, Y. T., Byrd, A. S., Asmah, R., & Domanski, S. (2022) · Annual Review of Linguistics · doi:10.1146/annurev-linguistics-030521-045816 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Morality as Fish: Defining Morality as a Prototype Concept
Buchtel, E. E. (2023) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2023.2248859 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cultural Frame-Switching using Accented Spoken Language by a Virtual Character
Dehghani, M., Khooshabeh, P., Huang, L., Oganesyan, L., & Gratch, J. S. (2011) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The cultural constitution of causal cognition
Schroven, A., Bender, A., & Beller, S. (2012) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rader, K., Neuendorf, K. A., & SKALSKI, P. D. (2016) · Journal of Intercultural Communication · doi:10.36923/jicc.v16i3.727 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Huang, H., Götz, F. M., & ten Brummelhuis, L. L. (2025) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672251368648 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Williams, A. J., Weisman, K., Amin, T. G., Ghossainy, M. E., Soueidan, G., Nissel, J., Kenderla, P. K., Abdel-Hak, M., Anggoro, F. K., Bangayan, S., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0330727 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Medin, D., Bennis, W., & Chandler, M.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Medin, Douglas
- Venue
- Perspectives on Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 708-713
- ISSN
- 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-6924
- OpenAlex
- W2034727552
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- deficit thinking, cross-cultural research, cultural homogeneity, cultural heterogeneity, regression to the mean, cultural bias in research
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