Cited by 166Intramuscular injections and effectsAdvancements in Transdermal Drug DeliveryIntravenous Infusion Technology and Safety

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Does Needle Size Matter?

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Gill, Harvinder S., Prausnitz, Mark R.·2007·Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology

DOI 10.1177/193229680700100517PMC PMC2769648

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Abstract

Hypodermic needles are in widespread use, but patients are unhappy with the pain, anxiety, and difficulty of using them. To increase patient acceptance, smaller needle diameters and lower insertion forces have been shown to reduce the frequency of painful injections. Guided by these observations, fine needles and microneedles have been developed to minimize pain and have found the greatest utility for delivery of vaccines and biopharmaceuticals such as insulin. However, pain reduction must be balanced against limitations of injection depth, volume, and formulations introduced by reduced needle dimensions. In some cases, needle-free delivery methods provide useful alternatives.

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Authors: Gill, H. S., & Prausnitz, M. R.
Affiliations: Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Prausnitz, Mark R.
ORCID: Gill, Harvinder S.
Prausnitz, Mark R.
Venue: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2007-09
Volume: 1
Issue: 5
Pages: 725-729
ISSN: 1932-2968 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1177/193229680700100517
PMC: PMC2769648
OpenAlex: W2148727825
Cited by: 164
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 0.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Pfizer
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Intramuscular injections and effects
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Intravenous Infusion Technology and Safety
Keywords: needle size, hypodermic needle, injection pain, microneedles, fine needle, insulin delivery, vaccine delivery, biopharmaceutical delivery, injection depth, patient acceptance

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