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Cited by 101Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality ControlCentral Venous Catheters and HemodialysisBlood donation and transfusion practices

Phlebotomy, a bridge between laboratory and patient

Open access
Ialongo, Cristiano, Bernardini, Sergio·2016·Biochemia Medica
DOI 10.11613/bm.2016.002PMC PMC4783087
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Abstract

The evidence-based paradigm has changed and evolved medical practice. Phlebotomy, which dates back to the age of ancient Greece, has gained experience through the evolution of medicine becoming a fundamental diagnostic tool. Nowadays it connects the patient with the clinical laboratory dimension building up a bridge. However, more often there is a gap between laboratory and phlebotomist that causes misunderstandings and burdens on patient safety. Therefore, the scope of this review is delivering a view of modern phlebotomy to "bridge" patient and laboratory. In this regard the paper describes devices, tools and procedures in the light of the most recent scientific findings, also discussing their impact on both quality of blood testing and patient safety. It also addresses the issues concerning medical aspect of venipuncture, like the practical approach to the superficial veins anatomy, as well as the management of the patient's compliance with the blood draw. Thereby, the clinical, technical and practical issues are treated with the same relevance throughout the entire paper.

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Cites

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  • Fist clenching and pumping may cause pseudohyperkalemia and alterations of some other biochemistry and hematology parameters.

    “Fist clenching and pumping may case pseudohyperkalemia and alterations of some other biochemistry and hematology parameters [57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62].”

    From Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI Recommendation for venous blood sampling (2018) · cites this paper as [59]

    In “The issue of preanalytics” (page unavailable), the paper says strenuous or prolonged fist clenching or pumping can falsely elevate potassium, consistent with pseudohyperkalemia. It discusses changes in other laboratory parameters from different phlebotomy-related causes, but does not attribute those changes to fist clenching or pumping. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Selecting the best vein and recognizing the most appropriate site to insert the needle for venous blood collection is important for sample quality, patient satisfaction, to avoid nerve damage, to avoid arterial puncture, for the ease and speed of collection and ultimately for a successful blood collection procedure.

    “Selecting the best vein and recognizing the most appropriate site to insert the needle for venous blood collection is important for sample quality, patient satisfaction, to avoid nerve damage, to avoid arterial puncture, for the ease and speed of collection and ultimately for a successful blood collection procedure [59].”

    From Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI Recommendation for venous blood sampling (2018) · cites this paper as [59]

    In “Human anatomy and the approach to the veins” (page unavailable), the paper says choosing an appropriate insertion site is key to a successful procedure and reduces injury risk. It discusses nerve damage, accidental arterial injury, and pain differences between sites. It does not establish that site selection improves sample quality or collection speed; indeed, it prioritizes suitable over quick phlebotomy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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2 of the 136 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [91]Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Procedures for the Collection of Diagnostic Blood Specimens by Venipuncutre; Approved Standard - Sixth Edition. CLSI document H3-A5. Wayne, PA, USA, 2007.
  2. [92]World Health Organization WHO guidelines on drawing blood: best practices in phlebotomy: Press WHO 2010. 125 p.

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Authors
Ialongo, C., & Bernardini, S.
Affiliations
  • Policlinico Tor Vergata (IT)
  • University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
Corresponding author
Ialongo, Cristiano
ORCID
Venue
Biochemia Medica
Publisher
Croatian Society for Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
Published
2016
Volume
26
Issue
1
Pages
17-33
ISSN
  • 1330-0962 (ISSN-L)
  • 1846-7482
DOI
10.11613/bm.2016.002
PMC
PMC4783087
OpenAlex
W2299980686
Cited by
97
References
136
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 1
FWCI
0.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Biochemia Medica (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
  • Hrčak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Blood donation and transfusion practices
Keywords
phlebotomy, venipuncture, patient safety, blood collection devices, medication adherence, evidence-based practice
MeSH terms
Diagnostic Errors, Forearm, Hematology, Humans, Laboratories, Quality Control, Veins, Phlebotomy, Patient Safety

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