Metabolic Biofouling of Glucose Sensors in Vivo : Role of Tissue Microhemorrhages
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Based on our in vitro study that demonstrated the adverse effects of blood clots on glucose sensor function, we hypothesized that in vivo local tissue hemorrhages, induced as a consequence of sensor implantation or sensor movement post-implantation, are responsible for unreliable readings or an unexplained loss of functionality shortly after implantation. Research Design and Methods: To investigate this issue, we utilized real-time continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels in a mouse model. Direct injection of blood at the tissue site of sensor implantation was utilized to mimic sensor-induced local tissue hemorrhages. Results: It was found that blood injections, proximal to the sensor, consistently caused lowered sensor glucose readings, designated temporary signal reduction, in vivo in our mouse model, while injections of plasma or saline did not have this effect. Conclusion: These results support our hypothesis that tissue hemorrhage and resulting blood clots near the sensor can result in lowered local blood glucose concentrations due to metabolism of glucose by the clot. The lowered local blood glucose concentration led to low glucose readings from the still functioning sensor that did not reflect the systemic glucose level.
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Temporary signal reductions may result from local tissue damage caused by forces exerted on the sensor and may be solved by using more flexible materials.
“Therefore, temporary signal reductions may actually be the result of local tissue damage caused by forces exerted on the sensor and may be solved by using more flexible materials.”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [133]
This reduction was explained by clot formation around the sensing portion of the CGM device, which formed a glucose sink until clearance.
“This reduction was explained by the clot formation around the sensing portion of the CGM device that formed a glucose sink until clearance.133”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [133]
Injection of blood, but not saline or plasma, led to a temporary signal reduction lasting several hours that eventually returned to normal.
“the injection of blood, but not saline or plasma, led to a temporary (i.e., several hours) signal reduction that eventually returned to normal.133”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [133]
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- Authors
- Klueh, U., Liu, Z., Feldman, B., Henning, T. P., Cho, B., Ouyang, T., & Kreutzer, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Abbott Diabetes Care (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klueh, Ulrike
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 583-595
- ISSN
- 1932-2968 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3192625
- OpenAlex
- W2137240669
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- glucose sensor, microhemorrhages, blood clots, continuous glucose monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Coagulation, Blood Glucose, Disease Models, Animal, Equipment Design, Female, Hemorrhage, Humans, Mice, Inbred ICR, Sensitivity and Specificity, Time Factors, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Biosensing Techniques, Prostheses and Implants, Mice, Biofouling
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