Design of the Glucose Rate Increase Detector: A Meal Detection Module for the Health Monitoring System
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Background: The Glucose Rate Increase Detector (GRID), a module of the Health Monitoring System (HMS), has been designed to operate in parallel to the glucose controller to detect meal events and safely trigger a meal bolus. Methods: The GRID algorithm was tuned on clinical data with 40-70 g CHO meals and tested on simulation data with 50-100 g CHO meals. Active closed- and open-loop protocols were executed in silico with various treatments, including automatic boluses based on a 75 g CHO meal and boluses based on simulated user input of meal size. An optional function was used to reduce the recommended bolus using recent insulin and glucose history. Results: For closed-loop control of a 3-meal scenario (50, 75, and 100 g CHO), the GRID improved median time in the 80-180 mg/dL range by 17% and in the >180 range by 14% over unannounced meals, using an automatic bolus for a 75 g CHO meal at detection. Under open-loop control of a 75 g CHO meal, the GRID shifted the median glucose peak down by 73 mg/dL and earlier by 120 min and reduced the time >180 mg/dL by 57% over a missed-meal bolus scenario, using a full meal bolus at detection. Conclusions: The GRID improved closed-loop control in the presence of large meals, without increasing late postprandial hypoglycemia. Users of basal-bolus therapy could also benefit from GRID as a safety alert for missed meal corrections.
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Meals were identified from the CGM signal using the clinically validated GRID algorithm.
“Meals were identified from the CGM signal using the clinically validated GRID algorithm. 22”
From Smart Pen Exposes Missed Basal Insulin Injections and Reveals the Impact on Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Harvey, R. A., Dassau, E., Zisser, H., Seborg, D. E., & Doyle, F. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 307-320
- ISSN
- 1932-2968 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4455414
- OpenAlex
- W2137448120
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 2.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK085628, DP3DK094331)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- meal detection, artificial pancreas, multiple daily insulin injections, postprandial hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, carbohydrate intake, diabetes management, health monitoring system
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