The Need for a Modern Error Grid for Clinical Accuracy of Blood Glucose Monitors and Continuous Glucose Monitors
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Accuracy of CGM should be assessed from three viewpoints: the analytical viewpoint, clinical accuracy, and accuracy of the trend.
“Other authors have emphasized the need to assess accuracy from 3 viewpoints: the analytical viewpoint (i.e., evaluation of deviations between CGM values and blood glucose concentrations measured with a suitable comparator), the clinical accuracy, and the accuracy of the trend (i.e., the characterization of deviations between the glucose concentration rate of change and blood glucose concentrations”
From Importance of FDA-integrated continuous glucose monitors to ensure accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
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Cites
Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes
(2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0802743 · Cited by 7,888 · see citing works
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes
Duckworth, W., Abraira, C., Moritz, T., Reda, D., Emanuele, N., Reaven, P. D., Zieve, F. J., Marks, J., Davis, S. N., Hayward, R., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0808431 · Cited by 4,762 · see citing works
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Nahler, G. (2009) · Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_723 · Cited by 3,673 · see citing works
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Evaluating clinical accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose
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Defining and Reporting Hypoglycemia in Diabetes
American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1245 · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
Parkes, J. L., Slatin, S. L., Pardo, S., & Ginsberg, B. H. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.8.1143 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
Evaluating the Accuracy of Continuous Glucose-Monitoring Sensors
Kovatchev, B. P., Gonder-Frederick, L. A., Cox, D. J., & Clarke, W. L. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.8.1922 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT)
Viberti, G. C., Kahn, S. E., Greene, D. A., Herman, W. H., Zinman, B., Holman, R. R., Haffner, S. M., Levy, D. A., Lachin, J. M., Berry, R. A., et al. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.10.1737 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Quianzon, C. C. L., & Cheikh, I. E. (2012) · Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives · doi:10.3402/jchimp.v2i2.18701 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Klonoff, D. C., Lias, C., Vigersky, R. A., Clarke, W. L., Parkes, J. L., Sacks, D. B., Kirkman, M. S., Kovatchev, B. P., Panel, T. E. G., Aurand, L. A., et al. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296814539589 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationError Grid Analysis for Arterial Pressure Method Comparison Studies
Saugel, B., Grothe, O., & Nicklas, J. Y. (2017) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000002585 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The hypoglycaemia error grid: A UK-wide consensus on CGM accuracy assessment in hyperinsulinism
Worth, C., Dunne, M. J., Salomon‐Estebanez, M., Harper, S., Nutter, P. W., Dastamani, A., Senniappan, S., & Banerjee, I. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1016072 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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Klonoff, D. C., Gabbay, M., Moon, S. J., & Wilmot, E. G. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968241250357 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Tian, T., Aaron, R. E., Kohn, M. A., & Klonoff, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Diabetes Technology Society (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- San Mateo Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klonoff, David C.
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2023-11-21
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-9
- ISSN
- 1932-2968 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10899826
- OpenAlex
- W4388846061
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Patient Safety and Medication Errors
- Keywords
- blood glucose meters, continuous glucose monitors, clinical accuracy, measurement error, diabetes monitoring, glycemic control
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Reproducibility of Results
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