Maternal Undernutrition and Fetal Developmental Programming of Obesity: The Glucocorticoid Connection
Abstract
An adequate maternal nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for the health outcome of offspring in adulthood. Maternal undernutrition during critical periods of fetal development can program the fetus for metabolic syndrome (MetS) later in life, especially when postnatally challenged with a hypernutritive diet. Adipogenesis, which begins in utero and accelerates in neonatal life, is a major candidate for developmental programming. During fetal development, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is extremely susceptible to programming, and the HPA tone is increased throughout life in undernourished conditions. As a consequence, an alteration in the expression and function of glucocorticoid (GC) receptors and of the major GC regulatory enzymes (11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and -2) occurs. In this review, we will give insights into the role of maternoplacental adverse interactions under the specific context of maternal undernutrition, for later-in-life MetS development, with a special emphasis on the role of GCs.
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Resultant exposure to elevated levels of cortisol may contribute to developmental programming of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and other organ systems.
“Resultant exposure to elevated levels of cortisol may contribute to developmental programming of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and other organ systems (127, 129, 306).”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [127]
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Placental Origins of Chronic Disease
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- Authors
- Correia-Branco, A., Keating, E., & Martel, F.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Martel, Fátima
- Venue
- Reproductive Sciences
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 138-145
- ISSN
- 1933-7191 (ISSN-L)
- 1933-7205
- OpenAlex
- W2107735663
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Reproductive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Keywords
- maternal undernutrition, fetal programming, obesity, metabolic syndrome, glucocorticoids, glucocorticoid receptor, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, adipogenesis, placenta, fetal development
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Female, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Nutritional Status, Obesity, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Placenta, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Signal Transduction, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1, 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2, Malnutrition
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