Stability and Change in Self-Esteem During the Transition to Parenthood
Open accessAbstract
The present longitudinal study used data from 187 newlywed couples to examine the impact of the birth of the first child on self-esteem over the course of the first 5 years of marriage. Results suggest that the birth of the first child is associated with changes in parents’ (especially mothers’) self-esteem. For the average parent, these changes were negative with sudden declines in self-esteem in the year after childbirth and continuing gradual decreases throughout the remaining years of the study. A comparison group of couples who did not have children during the research period showed no changes in self-esteem, suggesting that the results seen in the parent sample may indeed be due to the birth of the first child. Discussion focuses on the implications of the results for theory and research on the development of the self-esteem.
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Change in response to life events is often non-linear or discontinuous.
“research on change in other personality-relevant characteristics such as subjective well-being (e.g., Lucas, 2007; Luhmann et al., 2012) or self-esteem (Bleidorn et al., 2016; Chung, Robins, Trzesniewski, Noftle, Roberts, & Widaman, 2013) has shown that change in response to life events is often non-linear or discontinuous.”
From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Bleidorn et al., 2016
The birth of a child is associated with sudden and oftentimes drastic changes in new parents' behavior, thoughts, and feelings, which may have both sudden and continuous effects on their personality.
“Also, the birth of a child is associated with sudden and oftentimes drastic changes in new parents' behavior, thoughts, and feelings, which may have both sudden and continuous effects on their personality”
From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Bleidorn et al., 2016
Some studies but not all reported significant individual differences in self-esteem change trajectories during the education-to-work transition.
“Some studies (e.g., Wagner, Lüdtke, et al., 2013) but not all (Bleidorn et al., 2016) reported significant individual differences in change trajectories.”
From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Bleidorn et al., 2016
For parenthood, most studies reported declines in self-esteem.
“For parenthood, most studies reported declines (Bleidorn et al., 2016;Chen et al., 2016;van Scheppingen et al., 2018).”
From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Bleidorn et al., 2016
Cites
Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028931 · Cited by 2,123 · see citing works
Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan
Robins, R. W., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2005) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00353.x · Cited by 748 · see citing works
The effect of the transition to parenthood on relationship quality: An 8-year prospective study.
Doss, B. D., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013969 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Patterns of Marital Change across the Transition to Parenthood: Pregnancy to Three Years Postpartum
Belsky, J., & Rovine, M. (1990) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/352833 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Studying Changes in Life Circumstances and Personality: It's about Time
Luhmann, M., Orth, U., Specht, J., Kandler, C., & Lucas, R. E. (2014) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1951 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Continuity and change in self-esteem during emerging adulthood.
Chung, J. M., Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Noftle, E. E., Roberts, B. W., & Widaman, K. F. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035135 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Personality and having children: A two-way relationship.
Jokela, M., Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., & Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014058 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
What Accounts for Personality Maturation in Early Adulthood?
Bleidorn, W. (2015) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414568662 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationWagner, J., Lüdtke, O., Jonkmann, K., & Trautwein, U. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029680 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Statistical and conceptual models of ‘turning points’ in developmental processes
Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (1991) · Problems and Methods in Longitudinal Research · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511663260.009 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
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Cited by
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Life Events and Personality Trait Change.
Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., & Lucas, R. E. (2018) · Journal of personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12286 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-esteem and relationship satisfaction during the transition to motherhood.
van Scheppingen, M. A., Denissen, J. J. A., Chung, J. M., Tambs, K., & Bleidorn, W. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000156 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework
Reitz, A. K. (2022) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12709 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“, 2013) but not all (Bleidorn et al., 2016) reported significant individual differences in change trajectories.”
BackgroundRetirement is associated with change in self-esteem.
Bleidorn, W., & Schwaba, T. (2018) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000253 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternal parentification history impacts evaluative cognitions about self, parenting, and child
Nuttall, A. K., Ballinger, A. L., Levendosky, A. A., & Borkowski, J. G. (2021) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21912 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bleidorn, W., Buyukcan-Tetik, A., Schwaba, T., van Scheppingen, M. A., Denissen, J. J. A., & Finkenauer, C.
- Affiliations
- Tilburg University (NL)
- Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bleidorn, Wiebke
- Venue
- Social Psychological and Personality Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-06-23
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 560-569
- ISSN
- 1948-5506 (ISSN-L)
- 1948-5514
- OpenAlex
- W2345310204
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 17.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dspace.library.uu.nl
- Locations
- Social Psychological and Personality Science (publishedVersion)
- Tilburg University Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion)
- Sabanci University (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- self-esteem, transition to parenthood, newlyweds, mothers, fathers, parenthood
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