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Cited by 264Personality Traits and PsychologyPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyEgo Development and Educational Practices

Studying Changes in Life Circumstances and Personality: It's about Time

Luhmann, Maike, Orth, Ulrich, Specht, Jule, Kandler, Christian, Lucas, Richard E.·2014·European Journal of Personality
DOI 10.1002/per.1951
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Abstract

Most theories of personality development posit that changes in life circumstances (e.g. due to major life events) can lead to changes in personality, but few studies have examined the exact time course of these changes. In this article, we argue that time needs to be considered explicitly in theories and empirical studies on personality development. We discuss six notions on the role of time in personality development. First, people can differ before the event. Second, change can be non–linear and discontinuous. Third, change can be reversible. Fourth, change can occur before the event. Fifth, control groups are needed to disentangle age–related and event–related changes. Sixth, we need to move beyond examining single major life events and study the effects of non–normative events, non–events, multiple events, and minor events on personality. We conclude by summarizing the methodological and theoretical implications of these notions. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Crossref · 10.1002/per.1951

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  • Non-linear or discontinuous change models might be more suited to describe how change in personality traits unfolds before, during, and after a life event.

    “In the case of many life events, however, non-linear or discontinuous change models might be more suited to describe how change in personality traits unfolds before, during, and after a life event (Luhmann et al., 2014).”

    From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Luhmann et al., 2014

  • Changes in response to life events likely unfold in a slow and incremental way over relatively long periods of time.

    “Specifically, changes in response to life events likely unfold in a slow and incremental way over relatively long periods of time”

    From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Luhmann et al., 2014

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Authors
Luhmann, M., Orth, U., Specht, J., Kandler, C., & Lucas, R. E.
Affiliations
  • University of Illinois Chicago (US)
  • University of Bern (CH)
  • Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
  • Bielefeld University (DE)
  • Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author
Luhmann, Maike
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Personality
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2014-05
Volume
28
Issue
3
Pages
256-266
ISSN
  • 0890-2070 (ISSN-L)
  • 1099-0984
DOI
10.1002/per.1951
OpenAlex
W1765829916
Cited by
264
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8
FWCI
22.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • European Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
  • Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
  • PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
  • Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SP 1462/1-1)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Ego Development and Educational Practices
Keywords
personality development, living conditions, major life events, nonlinear change, discontinuous change, age-related changes, control groups, multiple events

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