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Inducing Paranoia is Linked to Increased Resting Amygdala Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Individuals
Open accessAbstract
Among individuals with schizophrenia, paranoia has been linked to increased resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in amygdala, suggesting that amygdala hyperactivity may be a mechanism for paranoid ideation. The present study tested this possible mechanism by assessing whether experimentally inducing paranoia in non-clinical, healthy participants resulted in increased amygdala CBF. Sixty-three undergraduates completed initial measurements of paranoia and resting CBF, via pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) imaging, and were then randomly assigned to either a paranoia induction ( n = 32) or control ( n = 31) condition before completing a second pCASL scan and another paranoia assessment. Following the induction procedure, individuals in the paranoia induction condition reported fewer positive perceptions of others and greater state anxiety. Resting relative CBF values extracted from right amygdala also demonstrated an increase in CBF over time for individuals in the paranoia induction condition but a decrease in CBF over time for individuals in the control condition. Left amygdala showed no significant effects. These results support the idea that increased resting activity of the amygdala may be a neurobiological mechanism for paranoia.
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“At a neurobiological level of explanation, overactivation and hyperconnectivity of the amygdala – reflecting amplified detection of salience and threat and insufficient top-down regulation – have been repeatedly linked to paranoia (Pinkham et al., 2015; Fan et al., 2021; Pinkham et al., 2022; Walther et al., 2022).”
From A counterweight model for understanding and treating persecutory delusions. (2025) · cites this paper as Pinkham et al., 2022
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Sorted by citations
A counterweight model for understanding and treating persecutory delusions.
Freeman, D., Isham, L., & Waite, F. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725001242 · Cited by 15
“…level of explanation, over-activation and hyperconnectivity of the amygdala – reflecting amplified detection of salience and threat and insufficient top-down regulation – have been repeatedly linked to paranoia (Pinkham et al., 2015; Fan et al., 2021; Pinkham et al., 2022; Walther et al., 2022).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Pinkham, A., Bass, E., Klein, H., Springfield, C., Kent, J., & Aslan, S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pinkham, Amy
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychopathology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-07
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 2043-8087 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4312808128
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21 MH112930)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- paranoia, amygdala, resting cerebral blood flow, amygdala hyperactivity, paranoid ideation, schizophrenia, state anxiety, healthy individuals
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- Pinkham, A., Bass, E., Klein, H., Springfield, C., Kent, J., & Aslan, S. (2022). Inducing Paranoia is Linked to Increased Resting Amygdala Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Individuals. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology. https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221130693
