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Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented challenge for society. Supporting the mental health of medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers (staff) is a critical part of the public health response. This paper details the effects on staff and addresses some of the organisational, team and individual considerations for supporting staff (pragmatically) during this pandemic. Leaders at all levels of health care organisations will find this a valuable resource.
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“HCWs reported difficulties taking care of their families during the COVID-19 outbreak and worries about infecting their families [12]”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
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“During the COVID-19 pandemic, family support is especially important in preventing mental illnesses and fostering recovery from traumas among HCWs [12].”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
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Simon, F. A. J., Schenk, M., Palm, D., Faltraco, F., & Thome, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094440 · Cited by 15
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What about mental health after one year of COVID-19 pandemic? A comparison with the initial peak
Fernandez, L. G., Romero‐Ferreiro, V., Rodríguez, V., Álvarez-Mon, M. Á., Lahera, G., & Rodríguez–Jiménez, R. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.010 · Cited by 15
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Khordeh, N. K., Dehvan, F., Dalvand, S., Repišti, S., & Gheshlagh, R. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.999111 · Cited by 15
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Sherratt, K., Carnegie, A. C., Kucharski, A. J., Cori, A., Pearson, C. A. B., Jarvis, C. I., Overton, C. E., Weston, D., Hill, E. M., Knock, E., et al. (2024) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19601.1 · Cited by 15
“For example, hospital disaster preparedness plans may incorporate mental and behavioural health interventions (such as resource signalling, peer support, and referrals for at-risk individuals), which have proved to be effective in reducing mental health morbidities 17,18 .”
BackgroundImpact of COVID-19 on Hematology-Oncology Trainees: A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment
Durani, U., Major, A., Velázquez, A. I., May, J. E., Nelson, M. N., Zheng, Z., Hall, A. G., Alam, S. T., Reynolds, R., Thompson, J. C., et al. (2022) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op.21.00630 · Cited by 15
“Other trainee recommendations from our survey, such as advocacy for practical supports including childcare and hazard pay, have also been demonstrated to be helpful for the wellbeing of health care workers.(12,32)”
BackgroundRepairing moral injury takes a team: what clinicians can learn from combat veterans
Cahill, J. M., Kinghorn, W. A., & Dugdale, L. S. (2022) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2022-108163 · Cited by 15
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Cook, L., Hassem, T., Laher, S., Variava, T., & Schutte, E. M. (2021) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1865 · Cited by 19
“Secondly, the formalisation of channels for communication is essential in ensuring that HCWs have a means to seek the support they need (Walton et al., 2020).”
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COVID-19 stress and wellbeing: A phenomenological qualitative study of Pakistani Medical Doctors
Afshan, G., Ahmed, F., Anwer, N., Shahid, S., & Khuhro, M. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920192 · Cited by 17
“The prevalence of anxiety is common in healthcare professionals mainly due to an increase in the uncertain nature of job and unsustainable (Walton et al., 2020).”
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“Mechanisms for effective communication should be put in place to allow health care workers update their leaders about their working conditions and schedule for break from work (16).”
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Huecker, M. R., Shreffler, J. R., & Danzl, D. F. (2020) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.066 · Cited by 16
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“Programs should keep track of which learners and preceptors are cross trained to work in specific areas like emergency medicine, critical care, general operations, sterile compounding, and supply chain management in order to confidently and effectively shift workflows within an appropriate scope of practice.5,7 Progra…”
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“Similarly aimed cross-sectional research has begun to emerge during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying mental health risks among HCWs that exceed the rates shown in response to SARS (Baker et al., 2020; Cai et al., 2020; Lai et al., 2020; Mohindra et al., 2020; Walton2020; Wright et al., 2021).”
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“(3) Some medical staff were unable to participate in clinical first-line work due to specific personal circumstances (such as pregnancy or physical discomfort), which may have increased their sense of guilt.(34) In the current pandemic period, the psychological status of medical staff cannot be ignored.”
BackgroundProviding Breastfeeding Support During COVID-19: A Survey of Staff Experiences
Hoying, R., Badreldin, N., Shah, M. D., Bolden, J. R., Cummings, P., & Robinson, D. T. (2021) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/08903344211047843 · Cited by 14
“Other important suggestions include ensuring staff do not exceed safe hours, encourage a two-way dialogue between staff and hospital administration, ensure adequate PPE supplies, and providing psychological support (Walton et al., 2020).”
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Local health systems resilience in managing the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from Mexico
Juárez‐Ramírez, C., Reyes‐Morales, H., Gutiérrez-Alba, G., Reartes-Peñafiel, D. L., Flores‐Hernández, S., Hernández, J. A. M., Escalante-Castañón, A., & Malo, M. (2022) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czac055 · Cited by 15
Cheung, A. T., Ho, L. L. K., Li, W. H. C., Chung, J. O. K., & Smith, G. D. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1023302 · Cited by 14
Psychological Distress and COVID-19
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“Transparent communication by leaders and communication that goes in both directions were recommended by expert opinions.(14,18) Effective communication also includes the practice of debriefing to address both specific events and the psychological distress of staff.”
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Yeung, N. C. Y., Wong, E. L., Cheung, A. W.-L., Yeoh, E., & Wong, S. Y. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.748575 · Cited by 14
“Working at hospitals and clinics during COVID-19 pandemic might increase nurses’ worries about passing infection to family members being due to their jobs, which in turn affect healthcare workers’ well-being (Li et al., 2020; Walton et al., 2020).”
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Eroğlu, Ü., Balcı, M., Coser, S., Başboğa, S., Özercan, A. Y., Kızılkan, Y., Güzel, Ö., Aslan, Y., & Tuncel, A. (2021) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.11.013 · Cited by 15
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Voth, J., Jaber, L. S., MacDougall, L., Ward, L., Cordeiro, J., & Miklas, E. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.960900 · Cited by 16
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BackgroundEvaluating Covid-19 Injury Claims With a Focus on Workers’ Compensation
Hyman, M. H., Talmage, J. B., & Hegmann, K. T. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001950 · Cited by 13
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“one ventilator, two patients.(35) 36 The PLANS model might be useful to be incorporated into a protocol to assist physicians in making those difficult decisions.”
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“On the other hand, though a number of reviews focusing on the mental health of HCP are published since the COVID-19 pandemic, none focuses on PTSD (20, 21).”
BackgroundYıldız, B., Yıldız, T., Özbilgin, M. F., & Yıldız, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.962830 · Cited by 12
“Protective measures should be offered to meet personal demands and needs, such as flexible hours, dynamic workload management, employee allowances, motivational speeches from dedication leaders, effective leadership, a strong collaborative atmosphere, fast and easy transport to home, and alternative accommodation for…”
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“Previous studies have investigated burnout and the mental health of healthcare workers during the pandemic [5,6].”
BackgroundReiriz, M., González, M. D., Rodríguez-Expósito, B., Uceda, S., & Beltrán-Velasco, A. I. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15043087 · Cited by 17
Catching our breath: reshaping rehabilitation services for COVID-19
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Leng, C., Challoner, T., Hausien, O., Filobbos, G., & Baden, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.127 · Cited by 11
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Predictors of COVID-19-related health anxiety among health care workers: a cross-sectional study
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“If these stressors are not effectively addressed, they may not only weaken the staff’s immune system and increase the risk of COVID19 infection, but may also adversely affect the quality and safety of medical services [43].”
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Nursing home staff perceptions of well‐being during the COVID ‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
van Diepen, C., Vestjens, L., Nieboer, A. P., & Scheepers, R. A. (2023) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.15730 · Cited by 11
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“Prevalence of COVID-related PTSD amounts between almost 5% (14) to 29%, depending on the used diagnostic tool and cut-off score.”
MethodSağaltıcı, E., Saydam, R., Çetinkaya, M., Şahin, Ş. K., Küçük, S. H., & Müslümanoğlu, A. Y. (2022) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-210517 · Cited by 12
“Therefore, especially close contact with supervisor and attended/supportive supervisor’s positive attitude would decrease nurses’ EE level [35, 36].”
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Guillen-Burgos, H. F., Gomez-Ureche, J., Acosta, N., Acevedo-Vergara, K., Pérez-Florez, M., Villalba, E., Maloof, D., Dau, A., Salva, S., Mattar, S., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2022.100293 · Cited by 14
“During the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, several studies have explored the mental health outcomes in health professionals (Kang et al., 2020; Pappa et al., 2020; Salari et al., 2020; Walton et al., 2020).”
González, C. M., Hossain, O. B., & Peek, M. E. (2022) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-022-07792-y · Cited by 11
“”(21) Leadership during a crisis is especially challenging; it will affect teams and institutional culture for the foreseeable future.(22) Participants described effective and ineffective leadership behaviors; these divergent experiences point out that low morale is not an inevitable consequence of a crisis.”
BackgroundGarcía‐Dolores, F., Tendilla‐Beltrán, H., Flores, F., Carbajal-Rimoldi, L. A., Mendoza-Morales, R. C., Gómez‐Mendoza, L. E., Vázquez-Hernández, A. J., de la Cruz, F., Mendoza, A. D. G., Nicolini, H., et al. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16420 · Cited by 11
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“However, beyond treating the disease, it is important to promote prevention campaigns focused on mitigating the psychological impact of the pandemic (Walton et al., 2020).”
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Impact of the COVID ‐19 pandemic on stress and sleep in emergency room professionals
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“Resulting symptoms can range from acute stress reactions to PTSD (Walton et al., 2020).”
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“Much research has demonstrated that both frontline medical staff and the general public are experiencing a range of psychological problems, including stress-related disturbances, anxiety and depression (Hyland et al., 2017; Rodríguez-Rey et al., 2020; Walton et al., 2020).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Walton, M., Murray, E., & Christian, M. D.
- Affiliations
- London North West Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Royal London Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Christian, Michael D
- Venue
- European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 241-247
- ISSN
- 2048-8726 (ISSN-L)
- 2048-8734
- PMC
- PMC7189614
- OpenAlex
- W3020622742
- Cited by
- 791
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 154 · 2022: 186 · 2021: 214 · 2020: 112
- FWCI
- 66.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, healthcare workers, psychological support, team support, leadership, public health response
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, Empowerment, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Communication, Crisis Intervention, Critical Care, Delivery of Health Care, Health Personnel, Humans, Humanism, Interpersonal Relations, Leadership, Medical Staff, Mental Health, Physicians, Pneumonia, Viral, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Infection Control, Coronavirus Infections, Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute, Pandemics
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