Cited by 791COVID-19 and Mental HealthHealthcare professionals’ stress and burnoutOccupational Health and Burnout

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Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Walton, Matthew, Murray, Esther, Christian, Michael D·2020·European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care

DOI 10.1177/2048872620922795PMC PMC7189614

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented challenge for society. Supporting the mental health of medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers (staff) is a critical part of the public health response. This paper details the effects on staff and addresses some of the organisational, team and individual considerations for supporting staff (pragmatically) during this pandemic. Leaders at all levels of health care organisations will find this a valuable resource.

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Three Mental Health Symptoms of Frontline Medical Staff Associated With Occupational Stressors During the COVID-19 Peak Outbreak in China: The Mediation of Perceived Stress and the Moderation of Social Support
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Effects of Web-Based Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Among Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers in Brazil between August and November 2020: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Villela, E. F. D. M., da Cunha, I. R., Fodjo, J. N. S., Obimpeh, M., Colebunders, R., & Hees, S. V. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126511 · Cited by 19
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“With the surge in total diagnosed cases and deaths across the world, studies began to document how the COVID-19 pandemic affected healthcare workers ’ mental health and well-being (Nyashanu et al., 2020; Shaukat et al., 2020; Walton et al., 2020).”
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Park, S. M. (2020) · 보건교육·건강증진학회지 · doi:10.14367/kjhep.2020.37.5.83 · Cited by 21
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Out-of-Hospital Health Professionals: A Living Systematic Review
Cámara, R. S., García‐Santa‐Basilia, N., Onrubia‐Baticón, H., García, R. M. C., Jiménez-Alegre, J. J., Reques-Marugán, A. M., Molina-Oliva, M., Fernández-Domínguez, J. J., Matellán‐Hernández, M. P., Sánchez, A. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10235578 · Cited by 24
“These challenges can be related to the fact that the front-line workers perceived their actions as the continuity of their habitual procedures and activities, although with higher levels of self-protection and safety, as they were more accustomed to potentially worrying experiences and showed fewer negative responses…”
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Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals: Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal
Costa, A., de Almeida, T. C., Fialho, M., Rasga, C., Martiniano, H., Santos, O., Virgolino, A., Vicente, A. M., & Heitor, M. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043131 · Cited by 22
“Additionally, working with new and frequently changing protocols and the lack of expertise in treating COVID-19 patients could be related to increased distress [19,20].”
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Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Applications to Defeat COVID-19 Pandemic
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Influencing Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Dental Medical Staff in Emergency Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in China
Chen, Y., & Li, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.736172 · Cited by 21
“The challenges facing healthcare workers include not only the increased workload caused by such outbreaks but also the fear of infection for themselves and their families, the need to use new and often changing protocols, care for patients who are seriously ill, and care for colleagues who are also ill (5).”
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Experiences of Black and Latinx health care workers in support roles during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Rivera‐Núñez, Z., Jiménez, M. E., Crabtree, B. F., Hill, D., Pellerano, M. B., Devance, D., Macenat, M., Lima, D., Gordon, M., Sullivan, B., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262606 · Cited by 20
Emotional Intelligence, Burnout, and Wellbeing Among Residents as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kirkpatrick, H. A., Wasfie, T. J., Laykova, A. S., Barber, K. R., Hella, J. R., & Vogel, M. E. (2022) · The American Surgeon · doi:10.1177/00031348221086804 · Cited by 20
“While there is no shortage of stressors during residency, the impact of sudden unexpected changes in the curriculum and structure of residency during the COVID-19 pandemic is of high magnitude with expected serious impact on physicians, residents, attendings, and allied healthcare workers.(4-8) The relationship of ind…”
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Pharmacists’ perceived barriers towards delivering their emergency roles during the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived policymakers’ responsibilities
Basheti, I. A., Nassar, R. I., Barakat, M. M., Alqudah, R., Farha, R. K. A., Muqatash, T., Thiab, S. H., & Saini, B. (2020) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice · doi:10.1186/s40545-020-00254-y · Cited by 20
“Healthcare providers face significant emotional and mental health challenges during critical incidences such as epidemics and pandemics or refugee crises [25].”
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Risk Perception, Protective Behaviors, and General Anxiety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic among Affiliated Health Care Professionals in Taiwan: Comparisons with Frontline Health Care Professionals and the General Public
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“Understanding the cognitive, affective, and behavioral constructs of the health beliefs of affiliated health care professionals is essential for developing strategies to enhance their well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic [12].”
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Implementing Psychological First Aid for Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Feasibility Study of the ICARE Model
Chandler, A. B., Knoff, A. A. W., Vanuk, J. R., O'Connor, M., Dreifuss, B. A., Dreifuss, H. M., Ellingson, K., Khan, S. R., Friedman, S. E., & Athey, A. B. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-022-09900-w · Cited by 21
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“Leadership during normal circumstances can be difficult, leadership during a pandemic is even more complex [5].”
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Physical restraint of dementia patients in acute care hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort analysis in Japan
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Psychological distress among Bangladeshi physicians: roles of perceived stigma, fear of infection and resilience in the context of Covid-19 pandemic
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“about 9 million people and caused more than 465000 deaths worldwide within a few months (Walton et al., 2020; WHO, 2020a).”
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The validity and reliability of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics‐9 items Scale in Turkish health care professionals
Uzun, N., Akça, Ö. F., Bi̇lgi̇ç, A., & Chung, S. (2021) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22680 · Cited by 18
A Fully Automated Intelligent Medicine Dispensary System Based on AIoT
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“3188552 (PPE) is very important in reducing the pressure on healthcare workers and ensures the physical and mental health of healthcare workers [2].”
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Moral Stress among Swedish Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Gustavsson, M., Juth, N., von Schreeb, J., & Arnberg, F. K. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.16993/sjwop.170 · Cited by 18
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the professional intention of medical and related students
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Mathematical modeling of optimal allocation of remote workforce: an interdisciplinary investigation with Hofstede's cultural factors and managerial ability
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Coronavirus Pandemic: Coping with the Psychological Outcomes, Mental Changes, and the “New Normal” During and After COVID-19
Takieddine, H., & Tabbah, S. A. A. A. (2020) · doi:10.36811/ojda.2020.110005 · Cited by 17
Posttraumatic Stress Responses and Psychological Well-being in Norwegian Medical Helicopter Personnel
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Improving Patient Safety Culture During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan
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“At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, medical professionals were under increased pressure from multiple sources, including increased workload, fear of bringing the virus home, possible infection, inability to deal with patients refusing to cooperate with medical procedures, and fear of dealing with patients’…”
Background
A comparative study of well-being, resilience, mindfulness, negative emotions, stress, and burnout among nurses after an online mind–body based intervention during the first COVID-19 pandemic crisis
Cepeda-Lopez, A. C., Domínguez, L. S., Villareal, S., Garza-Rodriguez, I. Y., del Valle, A. C., & Quiroga-Garza, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.848637 · Cited by 19
“Moreover, nurses faced separation from their families, stigma, fear of being infected, fear of infecting their loved ones, and pain of losing patients and colleagues (El-Hage et al., 2020; Walton et al., 2020).”
Background
Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a mental health self-management app in clinicians working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Kirykowicz, K., Jaworski, B. K., Owen, J. E., Kirschbaum, C., Seedat, S., & van den Heuvel, L. L. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115493 · Cited by 19
“Healthcare systems worldwide have been challenged, with increased patient loads, fears of contagion, frequently changing protocols, working with patients that are very unwell as well as colleagues becoming sick, further depleting the workforce (Walton et al., 2020).”
Background
Physician Wellness During a Pandemic
Fitzpatrick, K., Patterson, R., Morley, K., Stoltzfus, J. C., & Stankewicz, H. (2020) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2020.7.48472 · Cited by 17
The psychological resilience and perceived stress of the frontline heroes in the pandemic in Turkey: A descriptive study of the COVID ‐19 outbreak‐mutations‐normalization triad
Boran, M., Boran, Ö. F., Körükcü, Ö., & Özkaya, M. (2021) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.12442 · Cited by 18
“…workers exposed to the virus who showed symptoms and had positive test results should enter a quarantine process, it is known that individuals who are already exhausted due to long working hours will become lonelier with quarantine (Walton et al., 2020; Z. Wu & McGoogan, 2020; Zhang & Li, 2020).”
Background
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among staff at primary healthcare institutions in Prishtina
Halili, R., Bunjaku, J., Gashi, B., Hoxha, T., Kamberi, A., Hoti, N., Agahi, R., Basha, V., Berisha, V., & Hoxha, I. S. (2022) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07038-6 · Cited by 17
“Healthcare staff face numerous challenges, including: increased workload created by outbreaks, fear of contagion for themselves and their families, working with new and frequently changing protocols and personal protective equipment (PPE), caring for patients who are very sick and quickly deteriorating, and caring for…”
Background
What have we learned about what works in sustaining mental health care and support services during a pandemic? Transferable insights from the COVID-19 response within the NHS Scottish context
Cogan, N. A., Archbold, H., Deakin, K., Griffith, B., Berruga, I. S., Smith, S. G., Tanner, G., & Flowers, P. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2022.2056386 · Cited by 17
“These findings are comparable to recent research reporting that face-to-face peer support, ‘virtual’ catch-ups with colleagues and ‘buddy systems’ are useful support systems for staff (Tracy et al., 2020; Walton et al., 2020).”
Result
Occupational Stress and Quality of Life among Health Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Vamvakas, E., Kontogeorgou, I., Ntaountaki, A., Karkouli, G., Pisimisi, E., Karampekiou, E., Politis, E., Moskofi, I., Konitopoulos, D., Dokoutsidou, E., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.2478/jccm-2022-0012 · Cited by 18
“of great significance since they involve a combination of emotional, cognitive, physical and social reactions [7].”
Background
Factors associated with depression in residents in the post-epidemic era
Li, S., Guo, B., Yang, Q. H., Yin, J., Jiang, Y., Tian, L., Ji, Y., & Zhu, H. (2022) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcac181 · Cited by 16
Mental Health and Quality of Professional Life of Healthcare Workers: One Year after the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Rania, N., Coppola, I., & Brucci, M. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15042977 · Cited by 17
Efficacy of the my health too online cognitive behavioral therapy program for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial
Mengin, A. C., Nourry, N., Séverac, F., Berna, F. S., Bemmouna, D., Costache, M. E., Fritsch, A., Frey, I., Ligier, F., Engel, N., et al. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100736 · Cited by 16
“…interventions (adequate human and material resources, facilitated communication, administrative support, etc.), cognitive-behavioral training, mental and physical relaxation aimed at preserving the mental health of healthcare workers (Gray et al., 2019; Rolling et al., 2021; Walton et al., 2020).”
Background
The COVID‐19 pandemic and dental residency training in Nigeria
Isiekwe, I. G., Umeizudike, K. A., Daramola, O. O., Akeredolu, M. O., & Leo‐Olagbaye, A. A. (2020) · European Journal Of Dental Education · doi:10.1111/eje.12654 · Cited by 17

Authors: Walton, M., Murray, E., & Christian, M. D.
Affiliations: London North West Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
Queen Mary University of London (GB)
Royal London Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Christian, Michael D
ORCID: Walton, Matthew
Murray, Esther
Venue: European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2020-04
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Pages: 241-247
ISSN: 2048-8726 (ISSN-L)
2048-8734
DOI: 10.1177/2048872620922795
PMC: PMC7189614
OpenAlex: W3020622742
Cited by: 791
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 154 · 2022: 186 · 2021: 214 · 2020: 112
FWCI: 66.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, healthcare workers, psychological support, team support, leadership, public health response
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, Empowerment, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Communication, Crisis Intervention, Critical Care, Delivery of Health Care, Health Personnel, Humans, Humanism, Interpersonal Relations, Leadership, Medical Staff, Mental Health, Physicians, Pneumonia, Viral, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Infection Control, Coronavirus Infections, Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute, Pandemics

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Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

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