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Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented challenge for society. Supporting the mental health of medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers (staff) is a critical part of the public health response. This paper details the effects on staff and addresses some of the organisational, team and individual considerations for supporting staff (pragmatically) during this pandemic. Leaders at all levels of health care organisations will find this a valuable resource.
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“HCWs reported difficulties taking care of their families during the COVID-19 outbreak and worries about infecting their families [12]”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
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“During the COVID-19 pandemic, family support is especially important in preventing mental illnesses and fostering recovery from traumas among HCWs [12].”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
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“Healthcare leaders should work to ensure that structural supports are available to HCWs during pandemics, including providing food, rest facilities, and ensuring staff do not exceed safe working hours.(36) Healthcare workers may also benefit from coping self-efficacy training.”
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BackgroundSelf-Care Practices as a Mediator between Workaholism and Sleep–Wake Problems during COVID-19
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Fiol-deRoque, M. A., Serrano-Ripoll, M. J., Mira-Martínez, S., Pastor‐Moreno, G., Sitges, C., Buades, E. G., Gervilla, E., Garcı́a-Toro, M., Zamanillo‐Campos, R., & Ricci‐Cabello, I. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378372 · Cited by 1
“(Serrano-Ripoll et al., 2020; Walton et al., 2020; Chirico et al., 2021; Saragih et al., 2021).”
Çelen, Ö., & ŞİMŞEK, Z. (2024) · Hastane Öncesi Dergisi · doi:10.54409/hod.1469745 · Cited by 1
Mind matters: decoding mental health in medical students
Makieła, M., Marcinowicz, P., Więdłocha, M., & Szulc, A. (2024) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2024.0020 · Cited by 1
Bhatarasakoon, P., Inthong, S., Nitayawan, S., Thongyu, R., Sanlaung, C., & Rahman, M. A. (2024) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608241274250 · Cited by 3
“In the context of frontline workers, Walton et al. (2020) identi fi ed speci fi c resilience-building strategies, including peer support and psychological fi rst aid, as crucial for managing the extraordinary stressors faced by this group.”
BackgroundMa, H., Zhang, Y., Li, H., & Jiang, T. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241255778 · Cited by 1
“Subsequently, the adverse effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on the mental health among medical staff have gradually emerged (Walton et al., 2020).”
“Three Sides to Every Story”: Living the Patient, Carer and Staff Experience of COVID
Hurst, H., & Ramsey, S. M. (2025) · Global Qualitative Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/23333936241292737 · Cited by 1
“…fear, pressures linked to personal protective equipment (PPE), limited access of families to their loved ones in hospitals, the death of both patients and colleagues, isolation and concerns for family members becoming infected (Arias-Ulloa et al., 2023; Sun et al., 2020; Walton et al., 2020).”
Emotional and pain experiences reported by Ukrainian healthcare workers during wartime
Butska, L. V., Drevitska, O. O., Dybkaliuk, S. V., & Mialovytska, O. A. (2025) · Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski · doi:10.36740/merkur202503114 · Cited by 1
Heber, A., Testa, V., Smith‐MacDonald, L., Brémault‐Phillips, S., & Carleton, R. N. (2020) · Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.40.11/12.04f · Cited by 1
Mental Health Issues during COVID-19 Pandemic: Directions for Future Research
Qoriah, A., & Husna, A. N. (2020) · International Seminar of Public Health and Education (ISPHE) · doi:10.4108/eai.22-7-2020.2300249 · Cited by 1
“…psychological intervention into health-care systems and communitity, and 3) providing psychological guidance in work place especially hospital to attend emotional well-being of healthcare workers [40,51] as well as daily basic needs such as food, drink, rest facilities, and adequate PPE [42].”
Critical Health Conditions And Mental Health During Pandemic Covid-19
Jaworski, M. (2020) · European Proceedings of Health · doi:10.15405/eph.20101.4 · Cited by 2
“According to the CDC, the pandemic has affected more people indirectly than it has affected people directly, according to Walton, Murray, and Christian (2020).”
BackgroundSawant, N., Shah, A., Mangeshkar, S., Thakurdesai, A., Angane, A. Y., & Mahajan, S. (2020) · Annals of Indian Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/aip.aip_102_20 · Cited by 1
Leadership in a crisis: doing things differently, doing different things
Paixão, G., Mills, C., McKimm, J., Hassanien, M. A., & Al-Hayani, A. A. (2021) · British Journal of Healthcare Management · doi:10.12968/bjhc.2020.0178 · Cited by 1
Construção de tecnologias em saúde sobre o manejo de corpos no contexto do Novo Coronavírus
Moreira, N. F. A., de Medeiros, L. S., Ferreira, M. P., de Castro, K. S., Borges, R. C. D. S., de Almeida, S. C. S., Reis, D. L. D. A., de Sousa, J. R. T., Caldato, M. C. F., Magno, I. M. N., et al. (2021) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13488 · Cited by 1
Karanikola, M. N. K., Hatzioannou, A., Koutroubas, V. S., & Kaikoushi, K. (2020) · Connect The World of Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1891/wfccn-d-20-00021 · Cited by 1
La experiencia de implementación de “Cuéntame”: una intervención en salud mental
Zamora-Moncayo, E. C., Baquero, D. C., Alvarez-Frank, N. A., Hinojosa, M. S., Montenegro, E. M., Jara, C. T., & Irigoyen, G. N. (2021) · Esferas · doi:10.18272/esferas.v2i.1985 · Cited by 1
Anesthesiologists’ occupational wellbeing and support during COVID-19 pandemic
Khan, F. A. (2021) · Anaesthesia Pain & Intensive Care · doi:10.35975/apic.v25i2.1459 · Cited by 1
“One can help by exploring causes of distress, offer the opportunity to talk, be kind and reassuring, and guide colleagues to available resources.(9,10)”
BackgroundDialogues with Health Workers in a Hospital to Combat the Covid-19 Pandemic
Oliveira, S. S., & Rotenberg, L. (2021) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74602-5_71 · Cited by 1
Xie, F., Sun, X.-X., Chen, B.-J., Chen, Z., Shen, S., Zhang, M., Qin, X., Liu, Y.-Z., Shi, P., & Dai, Q. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100165 · Cited by 1
Widiasih, R., Ermiati, E., Emaliyawati, E., Hendrawati, S., Susanti, R. D., Sutini, T., Sari, C. W. M., & Murtiningsih, M. (2021) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6592 · Cited by 1
“The anxiety and fear of health workers in Wuhan, China, are related to the spread of disease and isolation, and similar psychological responses are found in other developed countries such as France and Germany [19], [20], [21], [22].”
BackgroundVasiliu, O., Marinescu, I. P., & Vasile, D. (2021) · Psihiatru ro · doi:10.26416/psih.65.2.2021.5372 · Cited by 1
POSITIVE COGNITIVE TRIAD AND COVID-19 FEARS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Jafri, M. H. (2021) · Psychological Thought · doi:10.37708/psyct.v14i2.544
“Walton et al. (2020) suggested that being positive is important to cope with the anxiety and fears resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.”
BackgroundHealthcare Workers Facing COVID-19: The More Exposed, the Less Stressed
Ouni, N. E., Mtiraoui, A., Kalboussi, H., Jihene, M., Braham, A., & Mrizek, N. (2021) · American Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.11648/j.ajap.20211006.11 · Cited by 1
Ramteke, G., Britto, N., & Gawali, V. P. (2021) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20215002
“Not all of those will occur, nor will they always remaining lengthy past the cease of the pandemic.(4) But in such a worldwide emergency situation it becomes imperative to understand and assess the impact of the pandemic on health-care workers as these workers are further responsible for patient care and safety.”
BackgroundAnxiety and depression disorders on health workers in COVID and non-COVID wards of Sanglah Hospital
Ariani, N. K. P., Lesmana, C. B. J., Sitanggang, A. R. P., & Pasaribu, I. L. M. (2022) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.3027 · Cited by 1
“In addition, fearful of the lack of personal protective equipment, these health workers face difficulties dealing with emotionally depressed COVID-19 patients and feelings of inadequacy, while caring for critically ill or dying patients (Polizzi et al., 2020; Walton et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCOVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Safety Practices among Eye Care Workers in Nigeria
Eze, U. A., Echieh, C. I., Obasuyi, O. C., Bello, S. U., Echieh, P. E. C., Yeye-Agba, O. O., Obi-Mgbam, C. G., Akinmade, O. V., & Sani, A. (2022) · Annals of Public Health Issues · doi:10.2478/aphi-2022-0001 · Cited by 1
Hoover, E. B., & Bernard, K. S. (2021) · Physician Assistant Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.cpha.2021.08.002 · Cited by 1
Anxiety and wellbeing among healthcare workers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Dutta, S., Mishra, G., Lal, H., Kumar, T., Ram, K., & Ambwani, S. R. (2022) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research · doi:10.47583/ijpsrr.2022.v73i01.019 · Cited by 1
Mitigating Contemporary Trauma Impacts Using Ancient Applications
Morris, G., Groom, R., Schuberg, E. L., Atkinson, J., Atkinson, C., & Ungunmerr-Baumann, M.-R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.645397 · Cited by 1
“Studies on psychological resilience, found a negative relationship between resilience and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and somatization (Goyal et al., 2020; Huang and Zhao, 2020; Walton et al., 2020) during the pandemic.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Walton, M., Murray, E., & Christian, M. D.
- Affiliations
- London North West Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Royal London Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Christian, Michael D
- Venue
- European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 241-247
- ISSN
- 2048-8726 (ISSN-L)
- 2048-8734
- PMC
- PMC7189614
- OpenAlex
- W3020622742
- Cited by
- 791
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 154 · 2022: 186 · 2021: 214 · 2020: 112
- FWCI
- 66.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, healthcare workers, psychological support, team support, leadership, public health response
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, Empowerment, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Communication, Crisis Intervention, Critical Care, Delivery of Health Care, Health Personnel, Humans, Humanism, Interpersonal Relations, Leadership, Medical Staff, Mental Health, Physicians, Pneumonia, Viral, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Infection Control, Coronavirus Infections, Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute, Pandemics
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