MRI with intrathecal MRI gadolinium contrast medium administration: a possible method to assess glymphatic function in human brain

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Production of the Alzheimer Amyloid β Protein by Normal Proteolytic Processing

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Impairment of Glymphatic Pathway Function Promotes Tau Pathology after Traumatic Brain Injury

Iliff, J. J., Chen, M. J., Plog, B. A., Zeppenfeld, D. M., Soltero, M., Yang, L., Singh, I., Deane, R., & Nedergaard, M. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3020-14.2014 · Cited by 1,159

Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI

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Impaired Glymphatic Perfusion After Strokes Revealed by Contrast-Enhanced MRI

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The Role of MR Myelography with Intrathecal Gadolinium in Localization of Spinal CSF Leaks in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension

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LOCALIZATION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEAKS BY GADOLINIUM-ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE CISTERNOGRAPHY

Aydın, K., Terzibaşioğlu, E., Sencer, S., Sencer, A., Süoğlu, Y., Karasu, A., Kiris, T., & Turantan, M. I. (2008) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000317306.39203.24 · Cited by 68

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging of the upper abdomen: Enhancement properties of gadobutrol, gadolinium‐DTPA‐polylysine, and gadolinium‐DTPA‐cascade‐polymer

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Enlarged Perivascular Space and Index for Diffusivity Along the Perivascular Space as Emerging Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Neurological Diseases

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Interstitial Fluidopathy of the Central Nervous System: An Umbrella Term for Disorders with Impaired Neurofluid Dynamics

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In Vivo Evidence for Impaired Glymphatic Function in the Visual Pathway of Patients With Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

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A SPECT-based method for dynamic imaging of the glymphatic system in rats

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Intrathecal Injection of Gadobutrol: A Tale of Caution

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Astroglial water channel aquaporin 4-mediated glymphatic clearance function: A determined factor for time-sensitive treatment of aerobic exercise in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

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Fluid dynamics in aging-related dementias

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Higher order diffusion imaging as a putative index of human sleep-related microstructural changes and glymphatic clearance

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Poor glymphatic function is associated with mild cognitive impairment and its progression to Alzheimer's disease: A DTI-ALPS study

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Lack of Contrast Enhancement in a Giant Perivascular Space of the Basal Ganglion on Delayed FLAIR Images: Implications for the Glymphatic System

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In Vivo Imaging of Neuroinflammatory Targets in Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy

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Microvascular Impairment in Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Assessed With Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pilot Study

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Intracranial Distribution of Intravenously Administered Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent over a Period of 24 Hours: Evaluation with 3D-real IR Imaging and MR Fingerprinting

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The perivascular pathways for influx of cerebrospinal fluid are most efficient in the midbrain

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Signal Changes in the Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus on Unenhanced T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images After Intrathecal Administration of Macrocyclic Gadolinium Contrast Agent

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The Cerebrovascular Side of Plasticity: Microvascular Architecture across Health and Neurodegenerative and Vascular Diseases

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Transient Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Vasoactive Peptides to Increase CNS Drug Delivery: Reality Versus Wishful Thinking?

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Dual orexin receptor antagonists as promising therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease

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Detection of IV-gadolinium Leakage from the Cortical Veins into the CSF Using MR Fingerprinting

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The relationships among spinal CSF flows, spinal cord geometry, and vascular correlations: evidence of intrathecal sources and sinks

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In Vivo Imaging of Molecular Clearance From Human Entorhinal Cortex: A Possible Method for Preclinical Testing of Dementia

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Impaired Glymphatic Flow on Diffusion Tensor MRI as a Marker of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease: Correlation with Gray Matter Volume Loss and Cognitive Decline Independent of Cerebral Amyloid Deposition

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Imaging Interstitial Fluid With MRI : A Narrative Review on the Associations of Altered Interstitial Fluid With Vascular and Neurodegenerative Abnormalities

Drenthen, G. S., Elschot, E. P., van der Knaap, N., Uher, D., Voorter, P., Backes, W. H., Jansen, J. F. A., & van der Thiel, M. M. (2023) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.29056 · Cited by 20

The Dysregulation of the Glymphatic System in Patients with Psychosis Spectrum Disorders Minimally Exposed to Antipsychotics: La dérégulation du système glymphatique en présence de troubles psychotiques chez des patients peu exposés à des antipsychotiques

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Deciphering the role of APOE in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: from genetic insights to therapeutic horizons

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Measuring glymphatic function: Assessing the toolkit

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Age‐dependent cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

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Glymphatic function and its influencing factors in different glucose metabolism states

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Glymphatic MRI techniques in sleep and neurodegenerative diseases

Lee, H., Choi, S. H., & Anzai, Y. (2022) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/mcp.0000000000000923 · Cited by 17

Aquaporins in Nervous System

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Functional aspects of the brain lymphatic drainage system in aging and neurodegenerative diseases

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Association of glymphatic system dysfunction with cognitive impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy

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Cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue exchange revealed by phase alternate labeling with null recovery MRI

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Glymphatic function decline as a mediator of core memory-related brain structures atrophy in aging

Chong, S., Wang, S., Gao, T., Yuan, K., Han, Y. K., Shi, L., Li, P., Lin, X., & Lü, L. (2025) · Journal of Translational Internal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jtim-2025-0007 · Cited by 16

The glymphatic system as a therapeutic target: TMS-induced modulation in older adults

Sundman, M., Liu, Y., Chen, N., & Chou, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1597311 · Cited by 17

Imaging cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

Ringstad, G. A. (2018) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 15

Brain volume changes in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: Revisiting the Monro-Kellie doctrine

Wu, J., Wang, Y.-F., Hseu, S., Chen, S.-T., Chen, Y.-L., Wu, Y., Chen, S., Lirng, J.-F., & Wang, S. (2020) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102420950385 · Cited by 14

The effect of aquaporin‐4 inhibition on cerebrospinal fluid‐tissue water exchange in mouse brain detected by magnetization transfer indirect spin labeling MRI

Chen, Z., Lai, J. H. C., Xu, J., Zhang, H., Huang, J., & Chan, K. W. Y. (2024) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.5093 · Cited by 13

Neurofluid as Assessed by Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Taoka, T. (2021) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mric.2021.01.002 · Cited by 13

Ultrafast Imaging of Physiological Brain Pulsations With Magnetic Resonance Encephalography—From Noise to Predictive Clinical Biomarker

Kiviniemi, V. J., Helakari, H., Raitamaa, L., Huotari, N., Rajna, Z., Järvelä, M., Elabasy, A., Tuunanen, J., Poltojainen, V., Väyrynen, T., et al. (2025) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.70092 · Cited by 11

The Therapeutic Potential of Glymphatic System Activity to Reduce the Pathogenic Accumulation of Cytotoxic Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease

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Multimodal MRI reveals impaired glymphatic function with choroid plexus enlargement and cerebrospinal fluid expansion in alzheimer’s disease

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Intrathecal [64Cu]Cu-albumin PET reveals age-related decline of lymphatic drainage of cerebrospinal fluid

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Impaired glymphatic system revealed by DTI-ALPS in cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia: relation with brain lesion burden and hand dysfunction

Yin, Y., Peng, Y. H., Nie, L., Li, X., Xiao, Y., Jiang, H., Gao, L., & Liu, H. (2023) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03269-9 · Cited by 14

Glymphatic activity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: Link with vascular function and astrocytic activation

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Decreased brain interstitial fluid dynamics is associated with risk of Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive decline

Guo, Y., Liu, T., Chen, H., Zhou, L., Huang, W., Zhang, K., Wang, X., wang, Y., Zhou, J. H., & Chen, F. (2025) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111295 · Cited by 13

Glymphatic pathway: An emerging perspective in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases

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Traumatic brain injury and sleep in military and veteran populations: A literature review

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OAB-14 Attenuated Glymphatic System Disorder, Neuroinflammation and Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease Model Mice Induced by Rotenone

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Altered brain fluid dynamics in spontaneous intracranial hypotension

Eide, P. K., Hovd, M. H., Pripp, A. H., Gjertsen, Ø., Løvland, G., Lashkarivand, A., Lindstrøm, E. K., Valnes, L. M., & Ringstad, G. A. (2025) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-025-00679-0 · Cited by 10

Intrathecal use of gadobutrol for gadolinium-enhanced MR cisternography in the evaluation of patients with otorhinorrhea

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Research on the Glial–Lymphatic System and Its Relationship With Alzheimer’s Disease

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Divergent brain solute clearance in rat models of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer’s disease

Koundal, S., Chen, X., Gursky, Z. H., Lee, H., Xu, K., Liang, F., Xie, Z., Xu, F., Lin, H., Nostrand, W. E. V., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111463 · Cited by 11

Diffusion Tensor Imaging along the Perivascular Space for Characterizing Cerebral Interstitial Fluid Dynamics in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Khalafi, M., Shirbandi, K., Zhou, L., Butler, T., Chen, K., Dartora, W. J., Keil, S. A., Li, Y., & Chiang, G. C.-Y. (2025) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a8953 · Cited by 11

The Usefulness of Quantitative Analysis of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Measured Using Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Predict Neurological Prognosis in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors: A Preliminary Study

Kim, H. I., Lee, I. H., Park, J. S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9093013 · Cited by 9

Analyzing the Virchow pioneering report on brain corpora amylacea: shedding light on recurrent controversies

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The Glymphatic System: A Review

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Neurosurgery and the glymphatic system

Eide, P. K. (2024) · Acta Neurochirurgica · doi:10.1007/s00701-024-06161-4 · Cited by 9

Adult Hydrocephalus and the Glymphatic System

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Contrast Agent Clearance Dynamics and Diffusion in the Mouse Brain After Ventricular Administration

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Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Concussion, Development of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, and Emerging Diagnostics: A Narrative Review

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Non-invasive MRI measurements of age-dependent in vivo human glymphatic exchange using magnetization transfer spin labeling

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The Emerging Field of Perivascular Flow Dynamics: Biological Relevance and Clinical Applications

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Rare Earth Elements and Their Minerals

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Glymphatic system function in patients with ischemic stroke evaluated by the DTI-ALPS method: a comprehensive review

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Early Improvement in Interstitial Fluid Flow in Patients With Severe Carotid Stenosis After Angioplasty and Stenting

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Current Clinical Issues: Deposition of Gadolinium Chelates

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High‐resolution MRI to noninvasively characterize drainage around the carotid artery into the cervical lymph nodes

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Quantifying Ventricular CSF Clearance in the Human Brain Using Dynamic 18F-FDG PET: Insights into Age-Related Glymphatic ImpairmentPreprint

Zhou, Z., Zhao, T., Gardus, J. D., Wen, Q., Yang, F., DeLorenzo, C., Parsey, R. V., & Huang, C. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.04.07.25325241 · Cited by 5

Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Neurofluids

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Noninvasive whole-brain imaging of glymphatic dynamics

Wang, N., YU, X., Lowerison, M. R., Li, Q., Canning, A. J., He, P., Dang, L., Degan, S., Mace, B. E., Xu, Y., et al. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aee4926 · Cited by 5

Glymphatic system health in early Alzheimer’s disease and its relationship to sleep, cognition and CSF biomarkersPreprint

Ray, N. J., Cullell, N., Clark, O. J., Delgado-Sánchez, A., Caruana, G., Elias-Mas, A., Ferrer, J., Buongiorno, M., Castejón, J., Sánchez‐Benavides, G., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618324 · Cited by 4

Reduced harmonic complexity of brain parenchymal cardiovascular pulse waveforms in Alzheimer’s disease

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MR Imaging of Neurofluids in the Developing Brain

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Simultaneous coherent–incoherent motion imaging in brain parenchyma

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DTI‐ALPS Primarily Reflects White Matter Diffusion Dispersion and Microstructural Heterogeneity in Neurodegeneration: Insights From Multi‐Modal MRI

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Neurodegenerative Dementias: Improving Brain Health to Decrease Risk

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Woes with flows under pressure

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Pathobiology of the Glymphatic System in the Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review

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Glymphatic dysfunction mediates altered regional neural abilities in night-shift nurses: A multimodal neuroimaging and transcriptomic study

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Rapid Tissue‐ CSF Water Exchange in the Human Brain Revealed by Magnetization Transfer Indirect Spin Labeling

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Mapping glymphatic solute transportation through the perivascular space of hippocampal arterioles with 14 Tesla MRI

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Gadolinium-Based Imaging and the Study of Neurofluid Dynamics

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Editorial: CSF clearance in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: exploring mechanisms and implications

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Human brain MRI data of CSF tracer evolution over 72h for data-integrated simulationsPreprint

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Tracking Sleep-Linked Brain Fluid Dynamics Using Modified fNIRS: A Novel Noninvasive Window into Glymphatic FunctionPreprint

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Associations between the brain glymphatic system and mitochondrial (dys)function: a systematic review

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Glymphatic system activity revealed by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space analysis in lifelong premature ejaculation: a pilot study

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Evaluation of signal intensity changes in dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on magnetic resonance imaging after intrathecal gadolinium-based contrast agent administration

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PET Imaging of Neurofluids

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Intracranial Pulsatility, Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow, and Glymphatic Function in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

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Rapid Tissue–CSF Water Exchange in the Human Brain Revealed by Magnetization Transfer Indirect Spin LabelingPreprint

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A Novel Technique Regarding the Pathophysiology of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Glymphatic Magnetic Resonance Imaging?

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Imaging of Glymphatic Flow and Neurodegeneration

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Imaging blood-brain barrier function in aging

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Intrathecal [ 64 Cu]Cu-albumin PET reveals age-related decline of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-lymphatic effluxPreprint

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Magnetic resonance imaging-based progress in human glymphatic system research

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Gadolinium-based imaging of the blood brain barrier and brain waste clearance pathways

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Elemental Imaging of Long-term Gadolinium Retention in Rodent Femur

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Long-term Gadolinium Retention in the Healthy Rat Brain: Comparison between Gadopiclenol, Gadobutrol, and Gadodiamide

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Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging of the upper abdomen: Enhancement properties of gadobutrol, gadolinium‐DTPA‐polylysine, and gadolinium‐DTPA‐cascade‐polymer

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Gadolinium retention in rat abdominal organs after administration of gadoxetic acid disodium compared to gadodiamide and gadobutrol

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Relative Conspicuity of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Interventional Pain Procedures

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