Tempted to text: college students’ mobile phone use during a face-to-face interaction with a close friend
Open accessAbstract
We examined whether emerging adults would engage in mobile phone use (MPU) when given the opportunity to socialize face-to-face with a close friend in a laboratory setting. Sixty-three U.S. college student friendship dyads rated their friendship quality in an online survey before coming into the laboratory together. When they arrived for their appointment, they were asked to wait together in a room for 5 min. A hidden camera recorded each dyad. Friends then separately rated the quality of the interaction. We coded time spent using mobile phone in seconds. A hierarchical regression conducted at the level of the dyad controlling for friendship quality and gender showed that more MPU was associated with lower quality interactions. We discuss findings in terms of the potential for MPU to interfere with the development of friendship intimacy.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Phone use during social interaction can reduce the perceived quality of the interaction.
“Phone use during social interaction can reduce feelings of social connection [41,42 ,43,44], the perceived quality of the interaction [45,46], enjoyment gained from the interaction [47 ], and even frequency of smiling at others [48].”
From Two social lives: how differences between online and offline interaction influence social outcomes (2020) · cites this paper as [45]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties.
Arnett, J. J. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.5.469 · Cited by 16,843 · see citing works
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000222 · Cited by 1,800 · see citing works
Galvan, A., Hare, T. A., Parra, C. E., Penn, J., Voss, H., Glover, G., & Casey, B. J. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1062-06.2006 · Cited by 1,282 · see citing works
Habits make smartphone use more pervasive.
Oulasvirta, A., Rattenbury, T., Ma, L., & Raita, E. (2012) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-011-0412-2 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2013) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407512453827 · Cited by 751 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…research documenting that phone use distracts from face-toface conversations (Humphreys, 2005) and is associated with diminished feelings of closeness among romantic partners (McDaniel & Coyne, 2014), strangers meeting for the first time (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013), and now close friends.”
BackgroundAllen, J. P., & Manning, N. (2015) · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Cuperman, R., & Ickes, W. J. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015741 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Uhls, Y. T., Michikyan, M., Morris, J., Garcia, D., Small, G. W., Zgourou, E., & Greenfield, P. M. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.036 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
The Evidence for Generation Me and Against Generation We
Twenge, J. M. (2013) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696812466548 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Cellphones in public: social interactions in a wireless era
Humphreys, L. (2005) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444805058164 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Opposite-Sex Friendship: Sex Differences and Similarities in Initiation, Selection, and Dissolution
Bleske-Rechek, A. L., & Buss, D. M. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672012710007 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Ickes, W. J. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372953.001.0001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Allen, J. P. & Land, D. (1999). Attachment in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment theory and research (pp. 319-335). New York: Guilford.
- Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2006). Dyadic Data Analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2014). "Technoference": The interference of technology in couple relationships and implications for women's personal and relational well-being. Pyschology of Popular Media Culture. doi: 10.1037/ppm0000065 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Smartphone use undermines enjoyment of face-to-face social interactions
Dwyer, R. J., Kushlev, K., & Dunn, E. W. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.10.007 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Two social lives: how differences between online and offline interaction influence social outcomes
Lieberman, A., & Schroeder, J. (2020) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.022 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Adolescents’ real-time social and affective experiences of online and face-to-face interactions
Achterhof, R., Kirtley, O. J., Schneider, M., Hagemann, N., Hermans, K. S. F. M., Hiekkaranta, A. P., Lecei, A., Lafit, G., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107159 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Manago, A. M., Brown, G., Lawley, K. A., & Anderson, G. (2020) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000851 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationKelly, L., Miller-Ott, A. E., & Duran, R. L. (2019) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463373.2019.1668443 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brown, G., Manago, A. M., & Trimble, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Université Rennes 2 (FR)
- Western Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Genavee
- Venue
- Emerging Adulthood
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-07-08
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 440-443
- ISSN
- 2167-6968 (ISSN-L)
- 2167-6984
- OpenAlex
- W2271207506
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 12.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Emerging Adulthood (publishedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- mobile phone use, face-to-face social interaction, friendship quality, friendship intimacy, university students, social media distraction, dyadic interaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review