The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Protein A, avidin, and biotin in immunohistochemistry.
Abstract
Conjugated and unlabeled peroxidase antibody methods have proven to be quite satisfactory in localizing sites of antigen-antibody reaction. The use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC), as well as protein A, can contribute significantly to the field of immunohistochemistry. The sensitivity and specificity of several immunohistochemical methods is compared. In general, the ABC method produced the most intense staining and the least background staining of any method tested. The unlabeled antibody (peroxidase-antiperoxidase: PAP) method also yielded satisfactory results, but it was less intense than the ABC method. In comparison to the PAP method, the indirect conjugated method presented slightly inferior staining intensities and significantly higher background staining. Protein A techniques produced a range of staining sensitivities similar to or inferior to the PAP technique. The main disadvantage in using protein A is that it reacts with intrinsic immunoglobulin (Ig) G, thus producing an intense background. Therefore, its use is not recommended on tissues that have either abundant immunoglobulins in their interstitium or numerous IgG-containing plasma cells.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hsu, S. M., Raine, L., & Fanger, H. (1981) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/29.4.6166661 · Cited by 14,140
Self-citationDorval, G., Welsh, K. I., & Wigzell, H. (1975) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/0022-1759(75)90021-6 · Cited by 151
"Protein A" from Staphylococcus aureus. 3. Reaction with rabbit gamma-globulin.
Forsgren, A., & Sjöquist, J. (1967) · PubMed · Cited by 139
Protein A-peroxidase: a valluable tool for the localization of antigens.
Dubois-Dalcq, M. E., McFarland, H. F., & McFarlin, D. E. (1977) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/25.11.199666 · Cited by 103
Movement of IgG receptors on the lymphocyte surface induced by protein A of Staphylococcus aureus.
Ghetie, V. F., Fabricius, H. A., Nilsson, K., & Sjöquist, J. (1974) · PubMed Central · Cited by 39
Protein A in immunoperoxidase techniques.
Celio, M. R., Lutz, H., Binz, H., & Fey, H. (1979) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/27.2.376688 · Cited by 30
Cited by
The avidin-biotin complex in bioanalytical applications
Wilchek, M., & Bayer, E. A. (1988) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(88)90120-0 · Cited by 894
Cancello, R., Tordjman, J., Poitou, C., Guilhem, G., Bouillot, J. L., Hugol, D., Coussieu, C., Basdevant, A., Hen, A. B., Bedossa, P., et al. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0133 · Cited by 607
Immunoreactive interleukin-1β localization in the rat forebrain
Lechan, R. M., Toni, R., Clark, B. D., Cannon, J. G., Shaw, A. R., Dinarello, C. A., & Reichlin, S. (1990) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90445-h · Cited by 340
Thyroid hormone regulates TRH biosynthesis in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus
Segerson, T. P., Kauer, J., Wolfe, H. C., Mobtaker, H., Wu, P., Jackson, I. M. D., & Lechan, R. M. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3116669 · Cited by 327
D'Amato, R. J., Blue, M. E., Largent, B. L., Lynch, D. R., Ledbetter, D. J., Molliver, M. E., & Snyder, S. H. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.12.4322 · Cited by 275
Metadata
- Authors
- Hsu, S. M., & Raine, L.
- Venue
- Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1981-11
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1349-1353
- ISSN
- 0022-1554 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-5044
- OpenAlex
- W2167207140
- Cited by
- 641
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 5.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Protein A, avidin, and biotin in immunohistochemistry. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/29.11.6172466
- The paper
- Hsu, S. M., & Raine, L. (1981). Protein A, avidin, and biotin in immunohistochemistry. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1177/29.11.6172466
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
