Micronutrient deficiencies in normal and overweight infants in a low socio-economic population in north-east Brazil
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies are the most prevalent form of malnutrition worldwide. Although commonly related to underweight, micronutrient deficiencies can occur in both normal and overweight children in medium- and low-income populations undergoing nutritional transition. OBJECTIVE: To describe haemoglobin and micronutrient levels in infants from a low-income area in Brazil in relation to their weight-for-length Z-score. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken of 2-11-month-old infants in Laranjeiras, a small urban community in North-east-Brazil between April 2009 and February 2010. Anthropometry and assays for haemoglobin, ferritin, plasma zinc, copper and selenium and erythrocyte zinc and copper concentrations were investigated. RESULTS: The total number of full-term infants born in the study period was 222, of whom 153 were available for the study. Three (2%) children were wasted, 98 (66%) were of normal weight, 37 (25%) were at risk of overweight and 11 (7%) were overweight or obese. Nearly all (97%) children had at least one micronutrient deficiency, 102 (67%) had anaemia, 86 (58%) and 100 (67%) had plasma and erythrocyte zinc deficiency, respectively, and 7 (5%) and 113 (76%) had plasma and erythrocyte copper deficiency, respectively. 138 (91%) children had selenium deficiency. Except for plasma zinc, the proportion of infants with micronutrient deficiencies did not differ by weight-for-length status. CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of overweight and micronutrient deficiencies in this population highlights the need to address the double burden of excess weight with micronutrient deficiencies in medium- and low-income settings.
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Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in infants and preschool children in developing and low- to middle-income countries, and this age group is at the highest risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies.
“Nevertheless, micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in infants and preschool children in developing and low- to middle-income countries (e.g., [17,79,80,81,82]), and this age group is at the highest risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies [83].”
From Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course (2018) · cites this paper as [82]
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Immune function and micronutrient requirements change over the life course
Maggini, S., Pierre, A., & Calder, P. C. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10101531 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jardim-Botelho, A., Queiroz Gurgel, R., Simeone Henriques, G., dos Santos, C. B., Afonso Jordão, A., Nascimento Faro, F., Silveira Souto, F. M., Rodrigues Santos, A. P., & Eduardo Cuevas, L.
- Venue
- Paediatrics and International Child Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-06-08
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 198-202
- ISSN
- 2046-9047 (ISSN-L)
- 2046-9055
- OpenAlex
- W1543002471
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Paediatrics and International Child Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Keywords
- micronutrient deficiency, infant overweight, infant obesity, anemia, zinc deficiency, copper deficiency, selenium deficiency, ferritin, hemoglobin, weight-for-length z-score, nutrition transition, low-income populations, double burden of malnutrition
- MeSH terms
- Anthropometry, Brazil, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hemoglobins, Humans, Infant, Male, Nutritional Status, Poverty, Socioeconomic Factors, Prevalence, Micronutrients, Malnutrition, Overweight
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