Radiocarbon and the History of Copper Production at Khirbet En-Nahas
Abstract
The article deals with the 46 14C determinations from Khirbet en-Nahas, described as the largest Iron Age copper-smelting site in the southern Levant. It is suggested that production at Khirbet en-Nahas: (1) commenced in the early Iron I (after the collapse of the Egypto-Canaanite system) as an outcome of the decline in Cypriot copper-trade with the Levant; (2) peaked in thefirst half of the 9th century, possibly as a result of the need for considerable amounts of bronze by the vast and powerful armies of the rising territorial kingdoms of the Levant; (3) ended in the late 9th century BCE, probably as a consequence of the revival of contacts with Cyprus and the economic interests of Aram Damascus.
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The large set of 14C readings from Khirbet en-Nahas seems to indicate that the site reached its peak prosperity in the first half of the 9th century BCE, in the early Iron IIA.
“The large set of 14 C readings from Khirbet en-Nahas (Levy et al. 2004(Levy et al. , 2005) ) seems to indicate that the site reached its peak prosperity in the first half of the 9th century BCE (Finkelstein and Piasetzky 2008), that is, in the early Iron IIA, parallel to the wave of settlement in the Beer Sheba Valley, Besor region, and Negev Highlands.”
From Radiocarbon Results from the Iron IIA Site of Atar Haroa in the Negev Highlands and their Archaeological and Historical Implications (2010) · cites this paper as Finkelstein and Piasetzky 2008
Copper production at Khirbet en-Nahas ceased in the late 9th century BCE.
“Copper production at Khirbet en-Nahas ceased in the late 9th century BCE (Finkelstein and Piasetzky 2008).”
From Radiocarbon Results from the Iron IIA Site of Atar Haroa in the Negev Highlands and their Archaeological and Historical Implications (2010) · cites this paper as Finkelstein and Piasetzky 2008
Cites
Gilboa, A., & Sharon, I. (2003) · Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research · doi:10.2307/1357808 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Sub-dividing the Iron Age IIA in northern Israel: a suggested solution to the chronological debate
Herzog, Z., & Singer-Avitz, L. (2006) · Tel Aviv · doi:10.1179/tav.2006.2006.2.163 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
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The Architectural Bias in Current Biblical Archaeology.
Ben-Yosef, E. (2019) · Vetus Testamentum · doi:10.1163/15685330-12341370 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Boaretto, E., Finkelstein, I., & Shahack-Gross, R. (2010) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200044982 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationIron Age Mediterranean Chronology: A Reply
Bruins, H. J., Nijboer, A. J., & van der Plicht, J. (2011) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200034470 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Kleiman, S., Kleiman, A., & Ben-Yosef, E. (2017) · Tel Aviv · doi:10.1080/03344355.2017.1357313 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Finkelstein, I., & Piasetzky, E.
- Venue
- Tel Aviv
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 82-95
- ISSN
- 0334-4355 (ISSN-L)
- 2040-4786
- OpenAlex
- W2010508843
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 12 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 22.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Tel Aviv (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Archeology › Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Keywords
- copper production, copper smelting, Iron Age, radiocarbon dating, bronze, Southern Levant, 9th century BCE
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