Life after the thymus: CD31+ and CD31− human naive CD4+ T-cell subsets

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Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection

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Homeostatic expansion of T cells during immune insufficiency generates autoimmunity.

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The Peptide Ligands Mediating Positive Selection in the Thymus Control T Cell Survival and Homeostatic Proliferation in the Periphery

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Thymic output generates a new and diverse TCR repertoire after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis patients

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Older HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy have B-cell expansion and attenuated CD4 cell increases with immune activation reduction

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Pioglitazone alters monocyte populations and stimulates recent thymic emigrants in the BBDZR/Wor type 2 diabetes rat model

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Immune reconstitution in patients with Fanconi anemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

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Elevated CD57 and CD95 expressions are associated with lower numbers of CD4+ recent thymic emigrants in HIV-1 infected immune responders following antiretroviral treatment

Lu, I., Eberhard, J. M., Ahmad, F., Bhatnagar, N., Behrens, G. M. N., Jacobs, R., Schmidt, R. E., & Meyer‐Olson, D. (2013) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2013.11.014 · Cited by 10

T-Cell Composition of the Lymph Node Is Associated with the Risk for Early Rejection after Renal Transplantation

Dedeoğlu, B., Litjens, N. H. R., de Weerd, A. E., Dor, F. J. M. F., Klepper, M., Reijerkerk, D., Baan, C. C., & Betjes, M. G. H. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01416 · Cited by 11

Soluble Pecam-1 as a Biomarker in Periprosthetic Joint Infection

Fuchs, M. A., Trampuž, A., Kirschbaum, S., Winkler, T., & Sass, F. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10040612 · Cited by 10

Thymic Involution and Altered Naive CD4 T Cell Homeostasis in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Chang, H., Cong, H., Wang, H., Du, L., Tian, D., Ma, Y., Xu, Y., Wang, Y., Yin, L., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.645277 · Cited by 10

Heterogeneity of T follicular regulatory cells: exploring their expanding ontogeny and differentiation pathways

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Mechanisms involved in CD4 cell gains in HIV-infected patients switched to raltegravir

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Characterization of CD31 expression in CD4+ and CD8+T cell subpopulations in chronic untreated HIV infection

Briceño, O., Peralta-Prado, A., Garrido-Rodríguez, D., Romero-Mora, K. A., Chávez-Torres, M., la Barrera, C. A., Reyes‐Terán, G., & Ávila‐Ríos, S. (2021) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2021.04.004 · Cited by 9

Peripheral differentiation patterns of human T cells

Heikkilä, N., Hetemäki, I., Sormunen, S., Isoniemi, H., Kekäläinen, E., Saramäki, J., & Arstila, T. P. (2022) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202149465 · Cited by 10

Laboratory evaluation for T-cell dysfunction

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Thymic function is a major determinant of onset of antibody-mediated rejection in heart transplantation

Sannier, A., Stroumza, N., Caligiuri, G., Borgne, M. L., Andreata, F., Sénémaud, J. N., Louedec, L., Even, G., Gaston, A., Deschildre, C., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.14595 · Cited by 9

Aging and Autoimmunity

Wagner, U. G. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0219-8_7 · Cited by 9

Immunologic hypo- or non-responder in natural dengue virus infection

Perng, G., & Chokephaibulkit, K. (2013) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/1423-0127-20-34 · Cited by 9

Clonal Analysis of Regulatory T Cell Defect in Patients with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 Suggests Intrathymic Impairment

Koivula, T.-T., Laakso, S. M., Niemi, H. J., Kekäläinen, E., Laine, P., Paulin, L. G., Auvinen, P., & Arstila, T. P. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.12586 · Cited by 9

Alterations in T cell immunity over 6–12 months post-COVID-19 infection in convalescent individuals: a screening study

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Heterogeneity of thymic output in the elderly and its association with sex and smoking

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CD31 + naïve T cells associate with immunosenescence and responsiveness to multiple vaccines in older adults

Çevirgel, A., Vos, M. W., Bijvank, E., van Beek, J., van der Heiden, M., Buisman, A., & van Baarle, D. (2025) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-025-00504-0 · Cited by 8

GSK-3β inhibition preserves naive T cell phenotype in bone marrow reconstituted mice

Shen, S., Klamer, G., Xu, N., O'Brien, T. A., & Dolnikov, A. (2013) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2013.08.006 · Cited by 8

CD4+ memory T cells retain surface expression of CD31 independently of thymic function in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders following autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

Васильевич, Б. Е., Tikhonova, M. A., Kryuchkova, I. V., Васильевна, С. В., Анатольевна, С. С., Ushakova, G. Y., Batorova, D. S., Викторович, Г. А., Ostanin, A. A., Shevela, Е. Y., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s12185-017-2214-4 · Cited by 8

Immunity and Genetics at the Revolving Doors of Diagnostics in Primary Immunodeficiencies

Rispoli, F., Valencic, E., Girardelli, M., Pin, A., Tesser, A., Piscianz, E., Boz, V., Faletra, F., Severini, G. M., Taddio, A., et al. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11030532 · Cited by 8

Phenotypic analysis of the pediatric immune response to SARS‐CoV ‐2 by flow cytometry

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Acute Systemic White Blood Cell Changes following Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) in a Mouse Model

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MINOR SUBSETS OF T-HELPER CELLS (Th THYMIC NAIVE, Th CENTRAL NAIVE, Th9, Th22 AND CD4+CD8+ DOUBLE POSITIVE T-CELLS)

Khaidukov, S. V. (2014) · Medical Immunology (Russia) · doi:10.15789/1563-0625-2013-6-503-512 · Cited by 7

Improved CD4 T cell profile in HIV-infected subjects on maraviroc-containing therapy is associated with better responsiveness to HBV vaccination

Herrero-Fernández, I., Rosado‐Sánchez, I., Genebat, M., Tarancón‐Díez, L., Rodríguez-Méndez, M. M., Pozo‐Balado, M. D. M., Lozano, C., Ruíz-Mateos, E., Leal, M., & Pacheco, Y. M. (2018) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1617-1 · Cited by 7

Thymic involution in ontogenesis: Role in aging program

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Altered thymic CD4+ T-cell recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is critical for nocardiosis

Roussel, X., Daguindau, É., Berceanu, A., Desbrosses, Y., Saas, P., Ferrand, C., Seillès, E., Pouthier, F., Deconinck, É., & Larosa, F. (2019) · Current Research in Translational Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.retram.2019.05.001 · Cited by 7

Immune phenotype predicts new onset diabetes after kidney transplantation

Ducloux, D., Courivaud, C., Bamoulid, J., Crepin, T., Gaiffe, E., Laheurte, C., Vauchy, C., Rebibou, J.-M., Saas, P., & Borot, S. (2019) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2019.08.006 · Cited by 6

Accelerated CD8+ T cell maturation in infants with perinatal HIV infection

de Armas, L. R., Dinh, V. B., Iyer, A., Pallikkuth, S., Pahwa, R. N., Cotugno, N., Rinaldi, S., Palma, P., Vaz, P., Lain, M. G., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109720 · Cited by 6

Immune recovery and the role of recent thymic emigrated T lymphocytes after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Justus, J. L. P., Beltrame, M. P., de Azambuja, A. P., Schluga, Y. C., Martins, E., Rocha, M. T. L., Rodrigues, A. M., Loth, G., Lima, A. C. M., & Bonfim, C. (2024) · Cytotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.04.073 · Cited by 6

Peripheral residence of naïve CD4 T cells induces MHC class II-dependent alterations in phenotype and function

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Human T-Cell Development and Thymic Egress: An Infectious Disease Perspective

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Altered naive CD4+ T cell homeostasis in myasthenia gravis and thymoma patients

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Clinical, Immunological, and Genetic Findings in a Cohort of Patients with the DiGeorge Phenotype without 22q11.2 Deletion

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Induction of bona fide regulatory T cells after liver transplantation - the potential influence of polyclonal antithymocyte globulin

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Immune activation is associated with decreased thymic function in asymptomatic, untreated HIV-infected individuals

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Thymic hyperplasia following chemotherapy in adults with lymphoma:18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings and correlation with T cell repopulation

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Long-term consequences of Hodgkin lymphoma therapy on T-cell lymphopoiesis

Pellier, I., Rénier, G., Rakotonjanahary, J., AUDRAIN, M. A. P., Berardi, E., Gardembas, M., Clavert, A., Moles, M. P., Houdemont, S. P., Réguerre, Y., et al. (2014) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.048 · Cited by 5

SUBPOPULATION PROFILES OF T HELPER CELLS EXPRESSING CD45RA AND CD31 MARKERS IN CHILDREN AFTER THYMECTOMY PERFORMED UPON SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Rovda, Y. I., Шмулевич, С. А., Shabaldin, A. V., & Lukoyanycheva, E. B. (2016) · Medical Immunology (Russia) · doi:10.15789/1563-0625-2016-2-119-128 · Cited by 6

T Cell Homeostasis Disturbances in a Cohort of Long-Term Elite Controllers of HIV Infection

Benito, J. M., Jiménez‐Carretero, D., Restrepo, C., Ligos, J. M., Valentín‐Quiroga, J., Mahíllo, I., Cabello, A., López‐Collazo, E., Sánchez‐Cabo, F., Górgolas, M., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25115937 · Cited by 6

Optimal Gating Strategy for Determining CD4+ Recent Thymic Emigrants in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infected Patients

Lu, I., Ahmad, F., Jacobs, R., Schmidt, R. E., & Meyer‐Olson, D. (2014) · Viral Immunology · doi:10.1089/vim.2013.0132 · Cited by 5

Distribution of CD31 on CD4 T-Cells from Cord Blood, Peripheral Blood and Tonsil at Different Stages of Differentiation~!2009-11-24~!2009-12-24~!2010-03-05~!

Ruiz‐Hernandez, R., Jou, A., Cabrera, C., Noukwe, F. N., deHaro, J., Borràs, F. E., Blanco, J., Fernández, M. A., Clotet, B., Ruiz, L., et al. (2010) · The Open Immunology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874226201003010019 · Cited by 5

Alterung und Immunität

Wagner, U. G., & Krasselt, M. (2014) · Osteologie/Osteology · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1622017 · Cited by 5

Diverging effects of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on immunosenescence and inflammageing in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional analysis

Schwarz, T., Almanzar, G., Völkl, S., Feuchtenberger, M., Leierer, J., Schmidt, C. A., Deininger, F., Tony, H., Schmalzing, M., & Prelog, M. (2025) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-025-00508-w · Cited by 4

Thymic output changes in children with clinical findings signaling a probable primary immunodeficiency

Karaca, N. E., Azarsız, E., Akarcan, S. E., Aksu, G., & Kütükçüler, N. (2019) · The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.24953/turkjped.2019.06.010 · Cited by 4

Age-related effects on thymic output and homeostatic T cell expansion following depletional induction in renal transplant recipients

Xu, H., Lee, H., Schmitz, R., Shaw, B. I., Li, S., & Kirk, A. D. (2021) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.16625 · Cited by 4

Human CD4+ memory phenotype T cells use mitochondrial metabolism to generate sensitive IFN-γ responses

Bharadwaj, N. S. S., Zumwalde, N. A., Kapur, A., Patankar, M. S., & Gumperz, J. E. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109775 · Cited by 4

Pre-transplantation thymic function is associated with the risk of acute graft versus host disease and cytomegalovirus viremia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Yang, X., Sun, Y., Zhang, S., Yang, H., Wei, J., He, Y., Yang, D., Jiang, E., Han, M., Qin, X., et al. (2017) · Hematology · doi:10.1080/10245332.2017.1327504 · Cited by 4

Fatal nocardiosis infection in a pediatric patient with an immunodeficiency after heart re‐transplantation

Mai, D. H., Sedler, J., Weinberg, K. I., Bernstein, D., Schroeder, A. R., Mathew, R., Chen, S., Lee, D., Dykes, J. C., & Hollander, S. A. (2022) · Pediatric Transplantation · doi:10.1111/petr.14344 · Cited by 4

Type 1 Diabetes Brazilian patients exhibit reduced frequency of recent thymic emigrants in regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells

Nogueira, J. D. S., Gomes, T. R., Secco, D., de Almeida, I. S., Matheus, A. S. D. M., Cobas, R. A., dos Santos, G. C., Gomes, M. B., & Pôrto, L. C. (2024) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106857 · Cited by 4

Flow Cytometry-based Immune Phenotyping of T and B Lymphocytes in the Evaluation of Immunodeficiency and Immune Dysregulation

Nguyen, A. A., & Platt, C. D. (2024) · Clinics in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cll.2024.04.009 · Cited by 4

T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and recent thymic migrant cells in specific immunotherapy and respiratory allergy to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.

Pereira, C., Loureiro, G., Martinho, A., Paiva, A. A., Tavares, B., Machado, D., Nunes, R. C. V., Pedreira, S., Henriques, A., Pais, M. L., et al. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 4

Dynamic Clonal Hematopoiesis and Functional T-cell Immunity in a Super-centenarianPreprint

van den Akker, E. B., Makrodimitris, S., Hulsman, M., Brugman, M. H., Nikolic, T., Bradley, T., Waisfisz, Q., Baas, F., Jakobs, M. E., de Jong, D., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/788752 · Cited by 4

Long-term remission of neuromyelitis optica with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Orofino, G., Genchi, A., Stanghellini, M. T. L., Doglio, M., Noviello, M., Mandelli, A., Vezzulli, P. Q., Valtolina, V., Mastaglio, S., Piemontese, S., et al. (2026) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2026.101179 · Cited by 3

Features of peripheral blood Treg and Th17 subsets during physiological pregnancy

Gorbunova, O. L., Orlova, E. G., Логинова, О. А., & Ширшев, С. В. (2025) · Exploration of Immunology · doi:10.37349/ei.2025.1003214 · Cited by 2

Restoration of recent thymic emigrant CD4+ T cells is associated with sustained adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV‐infected children

Barboni, G., Balbaryski, J., Urioste, A., Candi, M., Laucella, S. A., & Gaddi, E. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.12838 · Cited by 3

Genetic determinant of thymopoiesis and clinical outcomes in renal transplantation

Legendre, M., Maréchal, E., Rebibou, J.-M., Gaiffe, É., Courivaud, C., Bamoulid, J., Crépin, T., & Ducloux, D. (2021) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfab180 · Cited by 2

Biomarkers of Immune Dysregulation and What They Tell Us

Nguyen, T. H., & Chandrakasan, S. (2025) · Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.iac.2025.01.003 · Cited by 2

CD4 T Lymphopenia, Thymic Function, Homeostatic Proliferation and Late Complications Associated with Kidney Transplantation

Saas, P., Bamoulid, J., Courivaud, C., Rebibou, J.-M., Gaugler, B., & Ducloux, D. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/55330 · Cited by 2

Bone Good to the Heart

Picozza, M., Pompilio, G., & Capogrossi, M. C. (2014) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.114.305502 · Cited by 2

Premature Thymic Involution and Multiple Sclerosis

Haegert, D. G. (2014) · Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology · doi:10.4172/2155-9562.1000207 · Cited by 2

Age-Specific T Cell Homeostasis

Bourgeois, C., & Sauce, D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_81-1 · Cited by 2

Characterisation of the immune response after yellow fever vaccination

Bethke, N. (2011) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-7490 · Cited by 2

How to define and measure thymopoiesis after transplantation?

de Koning, C. C. H., Nierkens, S., & Boelens, J. J. (2018) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/s41409-018-0199-0 · Cited by 2

Caecum OX40+CD4 T-cell subset associates with mucosal damage and key markers of disease in treated HIV-infection

Rosado‐Sánchez, I., Herrero-Fernández, I., Sobrino-Rodríguez, S., Carvajal, A. E., Genebat, M., Tarancón‐Díez, L., Puertas, M. C., Puertas, M. C., de Pablos, R. M., Ruiz, R., et al. (2023) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2023.08.011 · Cited by 1

Distinctive T-cell receptor repertoire in paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with coronavirus disease 2019/multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children patients: possible thymus involvement

Yánez, D. C., Rowell, J., Woodall, M. N. J., Adams, S. P., O’Neill, L., Mengrelis, K., Lau, C., Ross, S. E., Benkenstein, S., Plant, K., et al. (2025) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1093/cei/uxaf027 · Cited by 1

CMV Subversion of the Immune System in Later Life

Powell, F., & Kern, F. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0219-8_6 · Cited by 1

Autophagic behavior of T lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus

Ortona, E., & Malorni, W. (2016) · Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology · doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000397 · Cited by 1

Regulatory Effect of IL-4 on Early Th17 Differentiation from Naive T Cells into Stem Cell Memory Th17 Precursors via Modulation of CD31 and CCR6 Expression

Maeda, K., Tanioka, T., & Iwamoto, S. (2020) · The Showa University Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.15369/sujms.32.135 · Cited by 1

Thy(–im)munosenescence: The Ageing of the Thymus and Its Impact on the Immune System

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Sex-specific differences in ICOS+ T helper cell differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with low disease activity

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Additional file 1 of Decreased thymic output predicts progression of chronic kidney disease

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Two subsets of naive T helper cells with distinct T cell receptor excision circle content in human adult peripheral blood

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