Distinct TLR adjuvants differentially stimulate systemic and local innate immune responses in nonhuman primates
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TLR ligands (TLR-Ls) represent novel vaccine adjuvants, but their immunologic effects in humans remain poorly defined in vivo. In the present study, we analyzed the innate responses stimulated by different TLR-Ls in rhesus macaques. MPL (TLR4-L), R-848 (TLR7/8-L), or cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (TLR9-L) induced a rapid and robust expansion of blood neutrophils, with a concomitant reduction in PBMCs. Furthermore, all TLR-Ls induced rapid (3-8 hours) expansion of CD14+ monocytes, but only TLR7/8-L and TLR9-L mobilized the CD14+CD16+ and CD14dimCD16++ monocytes, and only TLR7/8-L and TLR9-L induced activation of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), production of IP-10 and type-I IFN, and expression of type-I IFN–related and chemokine genes in the blood. In the draining lymph nodes (LNs), consistent with the effects in blood, all TLR-Ls induced expansion of CD14+ monocytes, but only TLR7/8-L and TLR9-L expanded the activated CD14+CD16+ cells. TLR4-L and TLR9-L differentially induced the expansion of mDCs and pDCs (1-3 days), but did not activate DCs. In contrast, TLR7/8-L did not induce DC expansion, but did activate mDCs. Finally, both TLR9-L and TLR7/8-L induced the expression of genes related to chemokines and type-I IFNs in LNs. Thus different TLR-Ls mediate distinct signatures of early innate responses both locally and systemically.
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Experiments in non-human primates suggest that elicited cytokine profiles depend on the nature of the TLR ligand.
“Experiments in non-human primates suggest that elicited cytokine profiles are dependent on the nature of the TLR ligand”
From Successful and Maladaptive T Cell Aging (2017) · cites this paper as Kwissa et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Kwissa, M., Nakaya, H. I., Oluoch, H., & Pulendran, B.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Emory National Primate Research Center (US)
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2012-03-01
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2044-2055
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- PMC
- PMC3311246
- OpenAlex
- W2034484954
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI096187, 1P01AI096187-01, U19AI057266)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- TLR ligands, vaccine adjuvants, innate immune response, rhesus monkeys, MPL, R848, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, TLR4, TLR7/8, TLR9, monocyte mobilization, myeloid dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, type I interferon, CXCL10, chemokines, draining lymph nodes
- MeSH terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic, Animals, Dendritic Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Imidazoles, Immunity, Innate, Injections, Intradermal, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Ligands, Lymph Nodes, Macaca mulatta, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Transcription, Genetic, Inflammation Mediators, Gene Expression Profiling, Toll-Like Receptors
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