Cited by 118Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestockForensic and Genetic ResearchGenetic diversity and population structure

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Origin of mitochondrial DNA diversity of domestic yaks

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Abstract

Background: The domestication of plants and animals was extremely important anthropologically. Previous studies have revealed a general tendency for populations of livestock species to include deeply divergent maternal lineages, indicating that they were domesticated in multiple, independent events from genetically discrete wild populations. However, in water buffalo, there are suggestions that a similar deep maternal bifurcation may have originated from a single population. These hypotheses have rarely been rigorously tested because of a lack of sufficient wild samples. To investigate the origin of the domestic yak (Poephagus grunnies), we analyzed 637 bp of maternal inherited mtDNA from 13 wild yaks (including eight wild yaks from a small population in west Qinghai) and 250 domesticated yaks from major herding regions. Results: The domestic yak populations had two deeply divergent phylogenetic groups with a divergence time of > 100,000 yrs BP. We here show that haplotypes clustering with two deeply divergent maternal lineages in domesticated yaks occur in a single, small, wild population. This finding suggests that all domestic yaks are derived from a single wild gene pool. However, there is no clear correlation of the mtDNA phylogenetic clades and the 10 morphological types of sampled yaks indicating that the latter diversified recently. Relatively high diversity was found in Qinghai and Tibet around the current wild distribution, in accordance with previous suggestions that the earliest domestications occurred in this region. Conventional molecular clock estimation led to an unrealistic early dating of the start of the domestication. However, Bayesian estimation of the coalescence time allowing a relaxation of the mutation rate are better in agreement with a domestication during the Holocene as supported by archeological records. Conclusion: The information gathered here and the previous studies of other animals show that the demographic histories of domestication of livestock species were highly diverse despite the common general feature of deeply divergent maternal lineages. The results further suggest that domestication of local wild prey ungulate animals was a common occurrence during the development of human civilization following the postglacial colonization in different locations of the world, including the high, arid Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

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Show all 43 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

  1. Qian YW: The origin of domesticated animal: biohistory. 1979, Science Press, Beijing, China
  2. Zhang R: Chinese yaks. 1989, Gansu Scientific and Technology Press, Lanzhou, China
  3. Weiner G, Han JL, Long RJ: The yak. 2003, The regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand, 2
  4. Flerow CC: Zur geographischen verbreitung der gattung poephagus im pleistozan und holozan. Quartarpalaontolog. 1980, 4: 123-126.
  5. Qi XB, Han JL, Rege JAO, Hanotte O: Mitochondrial DNA evidence for multiple maternal origin of domestic yak. Proc 20 Int Conf Anim Genet Tokyo. 2004, 11-16.
  6. Shi YF, Li JJ, Li BY: Uplift and environmental changes of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the Late Cenozoic. 1998, Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou, China
  7. Tang LY, Shen CM: Late Cenozoic vegetational history and climatic characteristics of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Acta Micropalaeont Sin. 1996, 13: 321-337.
  8. Cai L: Chinese Yakology. 1989, Sichuan Scientific & Technology Press, Chengdu, China
  9. Swofford DL: PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and Other Methods). Version 4. 2002, Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts
  10. Schneider S, Roessli D, Excoffer L: ARLEQUIN Ver. 2.0: a Software for Population Genetics Data Analysis. 1999, Department of Anthropology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
  11. Rambaut A, Drummond AJ: Tracer. 2004, University of Oxford, Oxford

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Metadata

Authors
Guo, S., Savolainen, P., Su, J., Zhang, Q., Qi, D., Zhou, J., Zhong, Y., Zhao, X., & Liu, J.
Affiliations
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
  • KTH Royal Institute of Technology (SE)
  • Lanzhou University (CN)
  • Fudan University (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Zhao, Xinquan
  • Liu, Jianquan
Venue
BMC Evolutionary Biology
Published
2006-09-22
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
73-73
ISSN
1471-2148 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1485317327
Cited by
116
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
FWCI
2.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • BMC Evolutionary Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lanzhou University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
Keywords
Poephagus grunniens, mitochondrial DNA, maternal lineage, wild yak, divergence time estimation, Tibetan Plateau, livestock domestication, morphological diversity
MeSH terms
Animals, Animals, Domestic, Animals, Wild, Cattle, DNA, Mitochondrial, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Genetic Variation, Evolution, Molecular

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