Contributions of circadian tendencies and behavioral problems to sleep onset problems of children with ADHD
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two to three times more likely to experience sleep problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the relative contributions of circadian preferences and behavioral problems to sleep onset problems experienced by children with ADHD and to test for a moderation effect of ADHD diagnosis on the impact of circadian preferences and externalizing problems on sleep onset problems. METHODS: After initial screening, parents of children meeting inclusion criteria documented child bedtime over 4 nights, using a sleep log, and completed questionnaires regarding sleep, ADHD and demographics to assess bedtime routine prior to PSG. On the fifth night of the study, sleep was recorded via ambulatory assessment of sleep architecture in the child's natural sleep environment employing portable polysomnography equipment. Seventy-five children (26 with ADHD and 49 controls) aged 7-11 years (mean age 8.61 years, SD 1.27 years) participated in the present study. RESULTS: In both groups of children, externalizing problems yielded significant independent contributions to the explained variance in parental reports of bedtime resistance, whereas an evening circadian tendency contributed both to parental reports of sleep onset delay and to PSG-measured sleep-onset latency. No significant interaction effect of behavioral/circadian tendency with ADHD status was evident. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep onset problems in ADHD are related to different etiologies that might require different interventional strategies and can be distinguished using the parental reports on the CSHQ.
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Greater eveningness is associated with later sleep onset in children with ADHD.
“report greater eveningness in 26 children with ADHD, and this later diurnal preference was associated with later sleep onset.”
From A systematic review of circadian function, chronotype and chronotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Gruber et al. (2012)
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- Authors
- Gruber, R., Fontil, L., Bergmame, L., Wiebe, S. T., Amsel, R., Frenette, S., & Carrier, J.
- Affiliations
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- McGill University (CA)
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Gruber, Reut
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2012-11-28
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 212-212
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3534002
- OpenAlex
- W1968806681
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (153139)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, circadian preference, evening chronotype, bedtime resistance, sleep latency, externalizing problems, bedtime routines, children, polysomnography, Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Polysomnography, Monitoring, Ambulatory
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