Evaluating the effects of the lunchtime enjoyment activity and play (LEAP) school playground intervention on children’s quality of life, enjoyment and participation in physical activity
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: An emerging public health strategy is to enhance children's opportunities to be physically active during school break periods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Lunchtime Enjoyment Activity and Play (LEAP) school playground intervention on primary school children's quality of life (QOL), enjoyment and participation in physical activity (PA). METHODS: This study consisted of a movable/recycled materials intervention that included baseline, a 7-week post-test and an 8-month follow-up data collection phase. Children within an intervention school (n = 123) and a matched control school (n = 152) aged 5-to-12-years-old were recruited for the study. Children's PA was measured using a combination of pedometers and direct observation (SOPLAY). Quality of life, enjoyment of PA and enjoyment of lunchtime activities were assessed in the 8-12 year children. A multi-level mixed effect linear regression model was applied in STATA (version 12.0) using the xtmixed command to fit linear mixed models to each of the variables to examine whether there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the intervention and control school at the three time points (pre, post and follow-up). RESULTS: Significant overall interaction effects (group × time) were identified for children's mean steps and distance (pedometers) in the intervention school compared to the control school. Intervention school children also spent significantly higher proportions within specified target areas engaged in higher PA intensities in comparison to the control school at both the 7-week post-test and 8-month follow-up. A short-term treatment effect was revealed after 7-weeks for children's physical health scale QOL, enjoyment of PA and enjoyment of intra-personal play activities. CONCLUSIONS: Examining the effects of this school playground intervention over a school year suggested that the introduction of movable/recycled materials can have a significant, positive long-term intervention effect on children's PA. The implications from this simple, low-cost intervention provide impetus for schools to consider introducing the concept of a movable/recycled materials intervention on a wider scale within primary school settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registration Number: ACTRN12613001155785.
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Recess can be a healthy outlet for children.
“The results have shown that recess can be a healthy outlet for children”
From The LiiNK Project®: Effects of Multiple Recesses and Character Curriculum on Classroom Behaviors and Listening Skills in Grades K–2 Children (2018) · cites this paper as Hyndman et al., 2014
Recess can increase physical activity on the playground.
“it can increase physical activity on the playground”
From The LiiNK Project®: Effects of Multiple Recesses and Character Curriculum on Classroom Behaviors and Listening Skills in Grades K–2 Children (2018) · cites this paper as Hyndman et al., 2014
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Self-citationChildren’s physical activity levels during primary school break times
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The Case of Social Emotional Learning: Evidence-Based Practices
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Low Levels of after School-Hours Social Interaction and Physical Activity of 5-7 Year Olds
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School-Based Recess and Youth Development: Past, Present, and Future Directions
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- Authors
- Hyndman, B. P., Benson, A. C., Ullah, S., & Telford, A.
- Affiliations
- RMIT University (AU)
- Flinders University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hyndman, Brendon P
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2014-02-14
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 164-164
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3937016
- OpenAlex
- W2127744308
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 6.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CDU eSpace Institutional Repository (Charles Darwin University) (submittedVersion)
- Cross Connect (Southern Cross University) (submittedVersion)
- Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Figshare (cc-by)
- Funders
- Australian Catholic University
- RMIT University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Sports and Physical Education Studies
- Keywords
- children's physical activity, quality of life, enjoyment of physical activity, elementary school students, pedometer-measured steps, play activities
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Play and Playthings, Public Health, Quality of Life, School Health Services, Schools, Victoria, Exercise, Lunch
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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