CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 139Acne and Rosacea Treatments and EffectsDermatology and Skin DiseasesOvarian function and disorders

High glycemic load diet, milk and ice cream consumption are related to acne vulgaris in Malaysian young adults: a case control study

Open access
Ismail, Noor Hasnani, Manaf, Zahara Abdul, Azizan, Noor Zalmy·2012·BMC Dermatology
DOI 10.1186/1471-5945-12-13PMC PMC3470941
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Background: The role of dietary factors in the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris is highly controversial. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary factors and acne vulgaris among Malaysian young adults. Methods: A case–control study was conducted among 44 acne vulgaris patients and 44 controls aged 18 to 30 years from October 2010 to January 2011. Comprehensive acne severity scale (CASS) was used to determine acne severity. A questionnaire comprising items enquiring into the respondent’s family history and dietary patterns was distributed. Subjects were asked to record their food intake on two weekdays and one day on a weekend in a three day food diary. Anthropometric measurements including body weight, height and body fat percentage were taken. Acne severity was assessed by a dermatologist. Results: Cases had a significantly higher dietary glycemic load (175 ± 35) compared to controls (122 ± 28) (p < 0.001). The frequency of milk (p < 0.01) and ice-cream (p < 0.01) consumptions was significantly higher in cases compared to controls. Females in the case group had a higher daily energy intake compared to their counterparts in the control group, 1812 ± 331 and 1590 ± 148 kcal respectively (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in other nutrient intakes, Body Mass Index, and body fat percentage between case and control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Glycemic load diet and frequencies of milk and ice cream intake were positively associated with acne vulgaris.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/1471-5945-12-13

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Some reviewed studies (Burris et al, Ismail et al) hewed closer to ideal through use of food diaries and/or telephone interviews in their assessment of participants' diets.

    “Some of the reviewed studies, such as those by Burris et al59 and Ismail et al,34 both of which concluded that increased dairy and GI consumption exacerbate acne, hewed closer to this ideal through the use of food diaries and/or telephone interviews in their assessment of participants’ diets.”

    From Diet and acne: A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [34]

    The Methods (Questionnaires) say participants kept three-day food diaries and were contacted by phone to clarify entries, supporting the dietary-assessment claim. But the Discussion says the case–control study could establish association, not cause and effect; it assessed glycemic load rather than concluding that increased GI and dairy consumption exacerbate acne. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • 46.4% (13/28) of observational studies described the associations of dairy products and GI/glycemic load with acne.

    “and 46.4% (13/28) described the associations of dairy products and GI/glycemic load with acne (Table III).34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46”

    From Diet and acne: A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [34]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 41

  1. Shaw L Kennedy C The treatment of acne Paediatr Child Health 2007 17 10 385 389 10.1016/j.paed.2007.07.005 · DOI
  2. Hanisah A Khairani O Shamsul AS Prevalence of acne and its impact on the quality of life in school-aged adolescents in Malaysia J Primary Health Care 2009 1 1 20 25 20690482
  3. Robinson HM The acne problem South Med J 1949 42 1050 1060 10.1097/00007611-194912000-00008 15394875 · DOI
  4. Fulton JE Plewig G Kligman AM Effect of chocolate on acne vulgaris JAMA 1969 210 11 2071 2074 10.1001/jama.1969.03160370055011 4243053 · DOI
  5. Treloar V Diet and acne redux Arch Dermatol 2003 139 941 943 10.1001/archderm.139.7.941-a 12873900 · DOI
  6. Calder PC Dietary modification of inflammation with lipids Proc Nutr Soc 2002 61 3 345 358 10.1079/PNS2002166 12296294 · DOI
  7. Anderson PC Foods as the cause of acne Am Fam Physician 1971 3 3 102 4251510
  8. Adebamowo CA Spiegelman D Danby FW Frazier AL Willett WC Holmes MD High school dietary dairy intake and teenage acne J Am Acad Dermatol 2005 52 2 207 214 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.08.007 15692464 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Adebamowo CA Spiegelman D Berkey CS Danby W Rockett HH Colditz GA Willet WC Homes MD Milk consumption and acne in adolescent girls Dermatol Online J 2006 12 4 1 17083856
  10. Adebamowo CA Spiegelman D Berkey CS Danby W Rockett HH Colditz GA Willet WC Homes MD Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys J Am Acad Dermatol 2008 58 5 787 793 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.049 18194824 PMC4391699 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Kaymak Y Adisen E Ilter N Bideci A Gurler D Celik B Dietary glycemic index and glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and leptin levels in patients with acne J Am Acad Dermatol 2007 57 5 819 823 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.06.028 17655968 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Smith RN Mann NJ Braue A Makelainen H Varigos GA A low-glycemic-load diet improves symptoms in acne vulgaris patients: a randomized controlled trial Am J Clin Nutr 2007 86 1 107 115 17616769
  13. Smith R Varigos G Braue A Mann NJ The effect of a low glycemic load diet on acne vulgaris and the fatty acid composition of skin surface triglycerides J Dermatol Sci 2008 50 1 41 52 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.11.005 18178063 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Tan JK Tang J Fung K Gupta AK Thomas DR Sapra S Lynde C Poulin Y Gulliver W Sebaldt RJ Development and validation of a comprehensive acne severity scale J Cutan Med Surg 2007 11 6 211 216 18042334
  15. WHO Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies Lancet 2004 363 157 163 14726171
  16. Kalkwarf HJ Khoury JC Lanphear BP Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and osteoporotic fractures in US women Am J Clin Nutr 2003 77 1 257 265 12499350
  17. Foster-Powell K Holt SHA Brand-Miller JC International Table of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values Am J Clin Nutr 2002 76 5 56 12081815
  18. Atkinson FS Foster-Powell K Brand-Miller JC International Table of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values: 2008 Diabetes Care 2008 31 2281 2283 10.2337/dc08-1239 18835944 PMC2584181 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Nik Shanita S Nik Mazlan M Mohd Ismail N, Khor GL, Tee ES Chapter 4 Carbohydrates Recommended Nutrient Intakes for Malaysia. National Coordinating Committee on Food and Nutrition (NCCFN). A report of the Technical Working Group on Nutritional Guidelines 2005 Putrajaya: Ministry of Health Malaysia 42 51
  20. Cordain L Lindeberg S Hurtado M Hill K Eaton SB Brand-Miller J Acne vulgaris: a disease of Western civilization Arch Dermatol 2002 138 12 1584 1590 10.1001/archderm.138.12.1584 12472346 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Smith R Mann N Braue A Makelainen H Varigos G The effect of a high-protein, low glycemic–load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic–load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: A randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial J Am Acad Dermatol 2007 57 2 247 256 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.01.046 17448569 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Cordain L Implications for the Role of Diet in Acne Semin Cutan Med Surg 2005 24 2 84 91 10.1016/j.sder.2005.04.002 16092796 · DOI
  23. Jung JY Yoon MY Min SU Hong JS Choi YS Suh DH The influence of dietary patterns on acne vulgaris in Koreans Eur J Dermatol 2010 20 768 772 20822969
  24. Hoyt G Hickey MS Cordain L Dissociation of the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to whole and skimmed milk Br J Nutr 2005 93 175 177 10.1079/BJN20041304 15788109 · DOI
  25. Hoppe C Mølgaard C Vaag A Barkholt V Michaelsen KF High intakes of milk, but not meat, increase s-insulin and insulin resistance in 8-year- old boys Eur J Clin Nutr 2005 59 393 398 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602086 15578035 · DOI
  26. Rich-Edwards JW Ganmaa D Pollak MN Nakamoto EK Kleinman K Tserendolgor U Willet WC Frazier AL Milk consumption and the prepubertal somatotropic axis Nutr J 2007 6 28 10.1186/1475-2891-6-28 17900364 PMC2098760 · DOI
  27. Norat T Dossus L Rinaldi S Overvad K Grønbaek H Tjønneland A Olsen A Clavel-Chapelon F Boutron-Ruault MC Boeing H Lahmann PH Linseisen J Nagel G Trichopoulou A Trichopoulos D Kalapothaki V Sieri S Palli D Panico S Tumino R Sacerdote C Bueno-de-Mesquita HB Peeters PHM van Gils CH Agudo A Amiano P Ardanoz E Martinez C Quirós R Tormo MJ Diet, serum insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in European women Eur J Clin Nutr 2007 6 91 98 16900085
  28. Crowe FL Key TJ Allen NE Appleby PN Roddam A Overvad K Grønbæk H Tjønneland A Halkjær J Dossus L Boeing H Kröger J Trichopoulou A Dilis V Trichopoulos D Boutron-Ruault MC De Lauzon B Clavel-Chapelon F Palli D Berrino F Panico S Tumino R Sacerdote C Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita H Vrieling A van Gils CH Peeters PHM Gram IT Skeie G Lund E The association between diet and serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Canc Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009 18 1333 1340 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0781 19423514 · DOI
  29. Danby FW Nutrition and acne Clin Dermatol 2010 28 598 604 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.017 21034984 · DOI
  30. Danby FW Acne: Diet and acneigenesis Indian Dermatol Online J 2011 2 2 5 10.4103/2229-5178.79851 PMC3481796 23130204 · DOI
  31. Melnik BC Evidence for acne-promoting effects of milk and other insulinotropic dairy products Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program 2011 67 131 145 21335995
  32. Melnik BC John SM Schmitz G Over-stimulation of insulin/IGF-1 signaling by Western diet may promote diseases of civilization: lessons learnt from Laron syndrome Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011 8 41 10.1186/1743-7075-8-41 21699736 PMC3141390 · DOI
  33. El-Akawi Z Abdel-Latif NA Abdul-Razzak K Al-Aboosi M Factors believed by Jordanian acne patients to affect their acne condition East Mediterr Health J 2006 12 6 840 846 17333831
  34. Bataille V Snieder H MacGregor A Sasieni P Spector T The influence of genetics and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of acne: a twin study of acne in women J Invest Dermatol 2002 119 6 1317 1322 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.19621.x 12485434 · DOI
  35. Rigopoulos D Gregoriou S Ifandi A Efstathiou G Georgala S Coping with acne: beliefs and perceptions in a sample of secondary school Greek pupils J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007 21 6 806 810 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.02091.x 17567312 · DOI
  36. Cibula D Hill M Fanta M Sindelka G Zivny J Does obesity diminish the positive effect of oral contraceptive treatment on hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome? Hum Reprod 2001 16 5 940 10.1093/humrep/16.5.940 11331641 · DOI
  37. Borgia F Cannavò S Guarneri F Cannavò SP Vaccaro M Guarneri B Correlation between endocrinological parameters and acne severity in adult women Acta Derm Venereol 2004 84 3 201 204 10.1080/00015550410023248 15202836 · DOI
  38. Kang S Kim J Imm J Oh S Kim S The effects of dairy processes and storage on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) content in milk and in model IGF-I-fortified dairy products J Dairy Sci 2006 89 2 402 409 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72104-X 16428610 · DOI
  39. Bowe WP Logan AC Acne vulgaris, probiotics and the gut-brain-skin axis-back to the future? Gut Pathogens 2011 3 1 1 11 10.1186/1757-4749-3-1 21281494 PMC3038963 · DOI
  40. Kim J Ko Y Park YK Kim NI Ha WK Cho Y Dietary effect of lactoferrin-enriched fermented milk on skin surface lipid and clinical improvement of acne vulgaris Nutrition 2010 26 9 902 909 10.1016/j.nut.2010.05.011 20692602 · DOI
  41. Grant J Anderson P Chocolate as a cause of acne: a dissenting view Mo Med 1965 62 459 14327774

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ismail, N. H., Manaf, Z. A., & Azizan, N. Z.
Affiliations
  • National University of Malaysia (MY)
  • Hospital Kuala Lumpur (MY)
Corresponding author
Manaf, Zahara Abdul
ORCID
Venue
BMC Dermatology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2012-08-16
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
13-13
ISSN
1471-5945 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1471-5945-12-13
PMC
PMC3470941
OpenAlex
W2113604632
Cited by
139
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 5
FWCI
8.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Dermatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
Keywords
acne, glycemic load, dietary factors, milk consumption, ice cream consumption, young adults, acne severity, energy intake, body mass index, body fat percentage, Malaysian young adults
MeSH terms
Acne Vulgaris, Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Energy Intake, Diet, Female, Humans, Ice Cream, Malaysia, Male, Milk, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Glycemic Index, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review