Cited by 156Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health Treatment and AccessPsychiatric care and mental health services

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The development of a lay health worker delivered collaborative community based intervention for people with schizophrenia in India

Open access

Balaji, Madhumitha, Chatterjee, Sudipto, Koschorke, Mirja, Rangaswamy, Thara, Chavan, Animish, Dabholkar, Hamid, Dakshin, Lilly, Kumar, Pratheesh, John, Sujit, Thornicroft, Graham, Patel, Vikram·2012·BMC Health Services Research

DOI 10.1186/1472-6963-12-42PMC PMC3312863

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Background: Care for schizophrenia in low and middle income countries is predominantly facility based and led by specialists, with limited use of non-pharmacological treatments. Although community based psychosocial interventions are emphasised, there is little evidence about their acceptability and feasibility. Furthermore, the shortage of skilled manpower is a major barrier to improving access to these interventions. Our study aimed to develop a lay health worker delivered community based intervention in three sites in India. This paper describes how the intervention was developed systematically, following the MRC framework for the development of complex interventions. Methods: We reviewed the lierature on the burden of schizophrenia and the treatment gap in low and middle income countries and the evidence for community based treatments, and identified intervention components. We then evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of this package of care through formative case studies with individuals with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers and piloted its delivery with 30 families. Results: Based on the reviews, our intervention comprised five components (psycho-education; adherence management; rehabilitation; referral to community agencies; and health promotion) to be delivered by trained lay health workers supervised by specialists. The intervention underwent a number of changes as a result of formative and pilot work. While all the components were acceptable and most were feasible, experiences of stigma and discrimination were inadequately addressed; some participants feared that delivery of care at home would lead to illness disclosure; some participants and providers did not understand how the intervention related to usual care; some families were unwilling to participate; and there were delivery problems, for example, in meeting the targeted number of sessions. Participants found delivery by health workers acceptable, and expected them to have knowledge about the subject matter. Some had expectations regarding their demographic and personal characteristics, for example, preferring only females or those who are understanding/friendly. New components to address stigma were then added to the intervention, the collaborative nature of service provision was strengthened, a multi-level supervision system was developed, and delivery of components was made more flexible. Criteria were evolved for the selection and training of the health workers based on participants' expectations. Conclusions: A multi-component community based intervention, targeting multiple outcomes, and delivered by trained lay health workers, supervised by mental health specialists, is an acceptable and feasible intervention for treating schizophrenia in India.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/1472-6963-12-42

Cites

31 of 32 references verified1 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figure 1 Modelling of Intervention components and pathways to outcomes.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 The Collaborative Community Based Care (CCBC) delivery process.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3 The Collaborative Community Based Care (CCBC) mental health team.CC BY · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health
Campbell, M. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7262.694 · Cited by 3,474
The world health report 2001 - Mental health: new understanding, new hope
Sayers, J. (2001) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.1590/s0042-96862001001100014 · Cited by 3,307
Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. L. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394260485 · Cited by 3,070
Qualitative Research: Reaching the parts other methods cannot reach: an introduction to qualitative methods in health and health services research
Pope, C., & Mays, N. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.6996.42 · Cited by 2,336
A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia
Saha, S., Chant, D., Welham, J., & McGrath, J. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020141 · Cited by 2,168
Introduction to qualitative research methods : the search for meanings
Taylor, S. J., & Bogdan, R. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,660
Introduction to qualitative research methods : the search for meanings
Taylor, S. J., & Bogdan, R. (1984) · Cited by 1,640
Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope
Brundtland, G. H. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.19.2391 · Cited by 1,606
Treatment gap in mental health care.
Abramowitz, M. Z., Greenberg, D., & Levav, I. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 1,483
The treatment gap in mental health care.
(2004) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,419

Show all 31 references

Sorted by citations

Addressing the treatment gap: A key challenge for extending evidence-based psychosocial interventions
Kazdin, A. E. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.004 · Cited by 554
Novel Models for Delivering Mental Health Services and Reducing the Burdens of Mental Illness
Kazdin, A. E., & Rabbitt, S. M. (2013) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702612463566 · Cited by 465
Mobilizing community health workers to address mental health disparities for underserved populations: a systematic review
Barnett, M. L., Gonzalez, A., Miranda, J., Chavira, D. A., & Lau, A. S. (2018) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-017-0815-0 · Cited by 431
Addressing critical gaps in the treatment of eating disorders
Kazdin, A. E., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., & Wilfley, D. E. (2017) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22670 · Cited by 389
Community mental health care worldwide: current status and further developments
Thornicroft, G., Deb, T., & Henderson, C. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20349 · Cited by 374
Self-citation
Effectiveness of a community-based intervention for people with schizophrenia and their caregivers in India (COPSI): a randomised controlled trial
Chatterjee, S., Naik, S., John, S., Dabholkar, H., Balaji, M., Koschorke, M., Varghese, M., THARA, R., Weiss, H. A., Williams, P. R., et al. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62629-x · Cited by 322
Self-citation
Implementing family involvement in the treatment of patients with psychosis: a systematic review of facilitating and hindering factors
Eassom, E., Giacco, D., Dirik, A., & Priebe, S. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006108 · Cited by 288
Qualitative Research Methods
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.010 · Cited by 279
The acceptability and feasibility of task-sharing for mental healthcare in low and middle income countries: A systematic review
Padmanathan, P., & De Silva, M. J. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.004 · Cited by 278
Consumer-providers of care for adult clients of statutory mental health services
Pitt, V. J., Lowe, D. B., Hill, S., Prictor, M., Hetrick, S. E., Ryan, R. E., & Berends, L. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004807.pub2 · Cited by 291
Annual Research Review: Expanding mental health services through novel models of intervention delivery
Kazdin, A. E. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12937 · Cited by 274
Innovative Models in Mental Health Delivery Systems: Task Sharing Care with Non-specialist Providers to Close the Mental Health Treatment Gap
Raviola, G., Naslund, J. A., Smith, S. L., & Patel, V. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1028-x · Cited by 258
Self-citation
Research Design in Clinical Psychology
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · doi:10.1017/9781108993647 · Cited by 240
Barriers and facilitators to implementation of evidence-based task-sharing mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review using implementation science frameworks
Le, P. D., Eschliman, E. L., Grivel, M. M., Tang, J., Cho, Y. G., Yang, X., Tay, C., Li, T., Bass, J., & Yang, L. H. (2022) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01179-z · Cited by 233
Primary-level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low- and middle-income countries
van Ginneken, N., Chin, W. Y., Lim, Y. C., Ussif, A., Singh, R. K., Shahmalak, U., Purgato, M., Rojas‐García, A., Uphoff, E., McMullen, S., et al. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009149.pub3 · Cited by 198
Experiences of stigma and discrimination of people with schizophrenia in India
Koschorke, M., Padmavati, R., Kumar, S., Cohen, A., Weiss, H. A., Chatterjee, S., Pereira, J., Naik, S., John, S., Dabholkar, H., et al. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.035 · Cited by 171
Self-citation
Community-based psychosocial interventions for people with schizophrenia in low and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis
Asher, L., Patel, V., & Silva, M. J. D. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1516-7 · Cited by 171
Self-citation
A behavioral intervention for war-affected youth in Sierra Leone: a randomized controlled trial
Betancourt, T. S., McBain, R., Newnham, E. A., Akinsulure-Smith, A. M., Brennan, R. T., Weisz, J. R., & Hansen, N. B. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.011 · Cited by 165
Experiences of stigma and discrimination faced by family caregivers of people with schizophrenia in India
Koschorke, M., Padmavati, R., Kumar, S., Cohen, A., Weiss, H. A., Chatterjee, S., Pereira, J., Naik, S., John, S., Dabholkar, H., et al. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.01.061 · Cited by 144
Self-citation
Integrated care for people with long-term mental and physical health conditions in low-income and middle-income countries
Thornicroft, G., Ahuja, S., Barber, S., Chisholm, D., Collins, P. Y., Docrat, S., Fairall, L., Lempp, H., Niaz, U., Ngo, V., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30298-0 · Cited by 138
Self-citation
Why mental health matters to global health
Patel, V. (2014) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461514524473 · Cited by 151
Self-citation
Innovative strategies for closing the mental health treatment gap globally
Rebello, T. J., Marques, A. D. F. H., Gureje, O., & Pike, K. M. (2014) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000068 · Cited by 134
Rebalancing academic psychiatry: why it needs to happen - and soon
Kleinman, A. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.118695 · Cited by 126
Community-based rehabilitation intervention for people with schizophrenia in Ethiopia (RISE): a 12 month mixed methods pilot study
Asher, L., Hanlon, C., Birhane, R., Habtamu, A., Eaton, J., Weiss, H. A., Patel, V., Fekadu, A., & Silva, M. J. D. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1818-4 · Cited by 114
Self-citation
Systematic review of feasibility and acceptability of psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia in low and middle income countries
Brooke‐Sumner, C., Petersen, I., Asher, L., Mall, S., Egbe, C. O., & Lund, C. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0400-6 · Cited by 110
Global Mental Health: concepts, conflicts and controversies
Whitley, R. (2015) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796015000451 · Cited by 108
Assessment of Barriers and Facilitators to the Delivery of Care for Noncommunicable Diseases by Nonphysician Health Workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Heller, D. J., Kumar, A., Kishore, S. P., Horowitz, C. R., Joshi, R., & Vedanthan, R. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.16545 · Cited by 98
Mental health stigma experiences among caregivers and service users in South Africa: a qualitative investigation
Monnapula-Mazabane, P., & Petersen, I. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02236-y · Cited by 91
Development of a Community-Based Rehabilitation Intervention for People with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia
Asher, L., Fekadu, A., Hanlon, C., Mideksa, G., Eaton, J., Patel, V., & Silva, M. J. D. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143572 · Cited by 88
Self-citation
Technology-Based Interventions and Reducing the Burdens of Mental Illness: Perspectives and Comments on the Special Series
Kazdin, A. E. (2015) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.04.004 · Cited by 86
Promoting wellbeing and improving access to mental health care through community champions in rural India: the Atmiyata intervention approach
Shields-Zeeman, L., Pathare, S., Walters, B. H., Kapadia-Kundu, N., & Joag, K. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0113-3 · Cited by 85
Universal Health Coverage for Schizophrenia: A Global Mental Health Priority
Patel, V. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv107 · Cited by 82
Self-citation
A Paradigm for Understanding Adolescent Social Anxiety with Unfamiliar Peers: Conceptual Foundations and Directions for Future Research
Cannon, C. J., Makol, B. A., Keeley, L. M., Qasmieh, N., Okuno, H., Racz, S. J., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2020) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00314-4 · Cited by 88
Development and formative evaluation of an innovative mHealth intervention for improving coverage of community-based maternal, newborn and child health services in rural areas of India
Modi, D. K., Gopalan, R., Shah, S., Venkatraman, S., Desai, G., Desai, S., & Shah, P. (2015) · Global Health Action · doi:10.3402/gha.v8.26769 · Cited by 78
A qualitative study of factors affecting mental health amongst low-income working mothers in Bangalore, India
Travasso, S. M., Rajaraman, D., & Heymann, S. J. (2014) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/1472-6874-14-22 · Cited by 74
Beyond the Biomedical: Community Resources for Mental Health Care in Rural Ethiopia
Selamu, M., Asher, L., Hanlon, C., Medhin, G., Hailemariam, M., Patel, V., Thornicroft, G., & Fekadu, A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126666 · Cited by 75
Self-citation
Integrating mental health care into primary care systems in low- and middle-income countries: lessons from PRIME and AFFIRM
Davies, T., & Lund, C. (2017) · Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2017.3 · Cited by 71
“There is now a reasonably well-established evidence base for using manuals to guide non-specialist counsel-lors in the delivery of psychological interventions (Rahman et al. 2008; Chibanda et al. 2011; Balaji et al. 2012).”
Systematic review of interventions to reduce mental health stigma in India
Kaur, A., Kallakuri, S., Kohrt, B. A., Heim, E., Gronholm, P. C., Thornicroft, G., & Maulik, P. K. (2021) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102466 · Cited by 68
Self-citation
Including culture in programs to reduce stigma toward people with mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries
Mascayano, F., Toso-Salman, J., Ho, Y. C. S., Dev, S., Tapia, T., Thornicroft, G., Cabassa, L. J., Khenti, A., Sapag, J., Bobbili, S. J., et al. (2020) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461519890964 · Cited by 66
“Another good practice in terms of cultural adaptation was provided by Balaji et al. (2012), who incorporated measures to remove barriers to the delivery of their stigma intervention and to make it more acceptable and feasible.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Psychological and social interventions for mental health issues and disorders in Southeast Asia: a systematic review
Maddock, A., Blair, C., Ean, N., & Best, P. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-021-00482-y · Cited by 57
Psychosocial rehabilitation of people living with mental illness: Lessons learned from community-based psychiatric rehabilitation centres in Gujarat
Saha, S., Chauhan, A., Buch, B., Makwana, S., Saiyad, V., Kotwani, P., & Pandya, A. (2020) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_991_19 · Cited by 53
Filling the treatment gap: developing a task sharing counselling intervention for perinatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa
Nyatsanza, M., Schneider, M., Davies, T., & Lund, C. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0873-y · Cited by 49
A study of human resource competencies required to implement community rehabilitation in less resourced settings
Gilmore, B., MacLachlan, M., McVeigh, J., McClean, C., Carr, S. C., Duttine, A., Mannan, H., McAuliffe, É., Mji, G., Eide, A. H., et al. (2017) · Human Resources for Health · doi:10.1186/s12960-017-0240-1 · Cited by 51
Recovery stories: An anthropological exploration of moral agency in stories of mental health recovery
Myers, N. A. L. (2016) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461516663124 · Cited by 48
Evidence-based psychotherapies II: changes in models of treatment and treatment delivery
Kazdin, A. E. (2014) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246314538733 · Cited by 52
Stigma-related mental health knowledge and attitudes among primary health workers and community health volunteers in rural Kenya
Mutiso, V., Musyimi, C. W., Nayak, S. S., Musau, A., Rebello, T. J., Nandoya, E., Tele, A., Pike, K. M., & Ndetei, D. M. (2017) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764017716953 · Cited by 45
A process evaluation exploring the lay counsellor experience of delivering a task shared psycho-social intervention for perinatal depression in Khayelitsha, South Africa
Munodawafa, M., Lund, C., & Schneider, M. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1397-9 · Cited by 47
Improving the quality of life of people with schizophrenia through community based rehabilitation in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia: A quasi experimental study
Puspitosari, W. A., Wardaningsih, S., & Nanwani, S. (2019) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2019.03.022 · Cited by 44
What do Accredited Social Health Activists need to provide comprehensive care that incorporates non-communicable diseases? Findings from a qualitative study in Andhra Pradesh, India
Abdel-All, M., Abimbola, S., Praveen, D., & Joshi, R. (2019) · Human Resources for Health · doi:10.1186/s12960-019-0418-9 · Cited by 42
Community-Engaged Mental Health and Wellbeing Initiatives in Under-Resourced Settings: A Scoping Review of Primary Studies
Chutiyami, M., Cutler, N. A., Sangon, S., Thaweekoon, T., Nintachan, P., Napa, W., Kraithaworn, P., & River, J. (2025) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319251332723 · Cited by 48
Single-case experimental research designs.
Kazdin, A. E. (2015) · Methodological issues and strategies in clinical research (4th ed.). · doi:10.1037/14805-029 · Cited by 39
A Model of Mental Health Care Involving Trained Lay Health Workers for Treatment of Major Mental Disorders Among Youth in a Conflict-Ridden, Low-Middle Income Environment: Part I Adaptation and Implementation
MALLA, A. K., Margoob, M. A., Iyer, S. N., Joober, R., Lal, S., Rangawsamy, T., Mushtaq, H., & Mansouri, B. I. (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743719839318 · Cited by 38
Models of Care of Schizophrenia in the Community—An International Perspective
Gowda, G. S., & Isaac, M. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01329-0 · Cited by 39
A structured approach to integrating mental health services into primary care: development of the Mental Health Scale Up Nigeria intervention (mhSUN)
Eaton, J., Gureje, O., De Silva, M., Sheikh, T. L., Ekpe, E. E., Abdulaziz, M., Muhammad, A., Akande, Y., Onukogu, U., Onyuku, T., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-018-0188-0 · Cited by 34
Perceptions of psychosocial disability amongst psychiatric service users and caregivers in South Africa
Brooke‐Sumner, C., Lund, C., & Petersen, I. (2014) · African Journal of Disability · doi:10.4102/ajod.v3i1.146 · Cited by 33
Recovery and its correlates in patients with schizophrenia
Singla, N., Avasthi, A., & Grover, S. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102162 · Cited by 35
Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness
Reilly, S., Hobson-Merrett, C., Gibbons, B., Jones, B., Richards, D., Plappert, H., Gibson, J., Green, M., Gask, L., Huxley, P. J., et al. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009531.pub3 · Cited by 30
Community-based psychosocial rehabilitation for schizophrenia service users in the north west province of South Africa: A formative study
Brooke‐Sumner, C., Lund, C., Selohilwe, O., & Petersen, I. (2016) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2016.1220439 · Cited by 30
Developing a task-sharing psychological intervention to treat mild to moderate symptoms of perinatal depression and anxiety in South Africa: a mixed-method formative study
Boisits, S., Abrahams, Z., Schneider, M., Honikman, S., Kaminer, D., & Lund, C. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-021-00443-5 · Cited by 28
Community-Based Mental Health Intervention Skills: Task Shifting in Low- and Middle-Income Settings
Johns, L. D., Power, J., & MacLachlan, M. (2018) · International Perspectives in Psychology · doi:10.1037/ipp0000097 · Cited by 27
Adaptation of an Evidence-Based Intervention for Disability Prevention, Implemented by Community Health Workers Serving Ethnic Minority Elders
Falgas‐Bagué, I., Ramos, Z., Cueto, P. D., Kim, E., Zhen‐Duan, J., Wong, Y. J., Chieng, C. K., Frontera, W. R., & Alegria, M. M. (2020) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.07.014 · Cited by 26
Assessing costs of developing a digital program for training community health workers to deliver treatment for depression: A case study in rural India.
Joshi, U., Naslund, J. A., Anand, A., Tugnawat, D., Vishwakarma, R., Bhan, A., Patel, V., & Lu, C. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114299 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
Lay community mental health workers (cadres) in Indonesian health services: A qualitative exploration of the views of people with mental health problems and their families
Windarwati, H. D., Susanti, H., Brooks, H. L., Wardani, I. Y., Hasniah, Raya, M., Ati, N. A. L., & Sari, H. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289943 · Cited by 23
Policies, resources, and interventions for child and adolescent mental health in China: a scoping review
Luan, Y., Wang, Y., Chu, L., Zhang, S., Fan, X., Tsin, C., Yu, Z., Chen, K., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101635 · Cited by 22
Development and Evaluation of a Mental Health Training Program for Community Health Workers in Indonesia
Marastuti, A., Subandi, M. A., Retnowati, S., Marchira, C. R., Yuen, C. M., Good, B. J., & Good, M. D. (2020) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-020-00579-7 · Cited by 22
Community Health Workers and Stigma Associated with Mental Illness: An Integrative Literature Review
Carrara, B. S., Bobbili, S. J., & Ventura, C. A. A. (2022) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-022-00993-z · Cited by 23
Ethical issues in the design and conduct of stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials in low-resource settings
Joag, K., Ambrosio, G., Kestler, E., Weijer, C., Hemming, K., & Van der Graaf, R. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3842-1 · Cited by 19
Training and Supervising Lay Providers in Kenya: Strategies and Mixed-Methods Outcomes☆☆☆
Venturo‐Conerly, K. E., Roe, E., Wasil, A. R., Osborn, T. L., Ndetei, D. M., Musyimi, C. W., Mutiso, V., Wasanga, C., & Weisz, J. R. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.03.004 · Cited by 21
Health facility determinants and trends of ICD-10 outpatient psychiatric consultations across Sofala, Mozambique: time-series analyses from 2012 to 2014
Wagenaar, B. H., Cumbe, V., Raunig-Berhó, M., Rao, D., Napúa, M., Hughes, J. P., & Sherr, K. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0609-4 · Cited by 19
Personal attributes and competencies required by community health workers for a role in integrated mental health care for perinatal depression: voices of primary health care stakeholders from Surabaya, Indonesia
Surjaningrum, E. R., Jorm, A. F., Minas, H., & Kakuma, R. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-018-0224-0 · Cited by 21
Developing Treatments for Antisocial Behavior Among Children: Controlled Trials and Uncontrolled Tribulations
Kazdin, A. E. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691618767880 · Cited by 18
Perspectives on Training Needs for Geriatric Mental Health Providers: Preparing to Serve a Diverse Older Adult Population
Joo, J. H., Jimenez, D. E., Xu, J., & Park, M. (2019) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2019.03.015 · Cited by 18
Psychosocial rehabilitation in developing countries
THARA, R., & John, S. (2012) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2012.719863 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
A rapid appraisal of access to and utilisation of psychotropic medicines in Bihar, India
Padmanathan, P., Singh, M. K., Mannarath, S. C., Omar, M., & Raja, S. (2014) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/1752-4458-8-29 · Cited by 16
Taluk Mental Health Program: The new kid on the block?
Kumar, C. N., Manjunatha, N., Kalaivanan, R. C., Sadh, K., Gowda, G. S., Vinay, B., Shashidhara, H. N., Parthasarathy, R., Rao, G., Math, S., et al. (2019) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_343_19 · Cited by 14
Current strategies in the reduction of stigma among caregivers of patients with mental illness: a scoping review
Monnapula-Mazabane, P., Babatunde, G. B., & Petersen, I. (2021) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/00812463211001530 · Cited by 14
Change in attitude of ASHAs towards persons with mental illnesses following participation in community based rehabilitation project
James, J. W., Sivakumar, T., Kumar, C. N., & Thirthalli, J. (2019) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2019.09.031 · Cited by 14
Atmiyata, a community-led intervention to address common mental disorders: Study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Gujarat, India
Joag, K., Kalha, J., Pandit, D., Chatterjee, S., Krishnamoorthy, S., Shields‐Zeeman, L., & Pathare, S. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-4133-6 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Effectiveness of Community-Based Rehabilitation Interventions on Symptoms and Functioning for People with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ye, X., Zeng, F., Wang, Y., Ding, R., Zhao, M., Zhu, D., & He, P. (2023) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-023-10029-8 · Cited by 12
IMPLEMENTING GLOBAL MENTAL HEALTH
Kleinman, A. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22057 · Cited by 12
Technology-Assisted Mental Health Intervention Delivered by Frontline Workers at Community Doorsteps for Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Rural Pakistan: Protocol for the mPareshan Mixed Methods Implementation Trial
Rabbani, F., Nafis, J., Akhtar, S., Khan, M. S., Sayani, S., Siddiqui, A., Siddiqi, S., & Merali, Z. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/54272 · Cited by 11
Income Generation Programs and Real-World Functioning of Persons with Schizophrenia: Experience from the Thirthahalli Cohort
Ravilla, S., Muliyala, K. P., Channaveerachari, N. K., Suresha, K. K., Arunachala, U., & Thirthalli, J. (2019) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_151_19 · Cited by 10
Proof of concept of participant informed, psycho-educational, community-based intervention for people with severe mental illness in rural Vietnam
Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T., Green, S., Hsueh, A., Tran, T. D., Tran, H., & Fisher, J. (2020) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764019898234 · Cited by 10
Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Diverse Settings: Recent Advances and Challenges for the Future
Dixon, L. E., Ahles, E. M., & Marques, L. M. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0748-4 · Cited by 14
Internalized stigma level, family self-stigma, and family burden of patients receiving community mental health center services: a comparative, longitudinal study
Tozoğlu, E. Ö., & Gürbüzer, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1469448 · Cited by 9
Barriers and facilitators of child and guardian attendance in task-shifted mental health services in schools in western Kenya
Meza, R. D., Kiche, S. W., Soi, C., Khairuzzaman, A. N., Nales, C. J. R., Whetten, K., Wasonga, A. I., Amanya, C., & Dorsey, S. (2020) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2020.9 · Cited by 9
Lay health workers perceptions of an anemia control intervention in Karnataka, India: a qualitative study
Shet, A. S., Rao, A., Jebaraj, P., Mascarenhas, M., Zwarenstein, M., Galanti, M. R., & Atkins, S. A. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4758-x · Cited by 9
Articulations between the Global Mental Health project and the cultural aspects of care in the Psychosocial Care and Primary Health Care Network in Brazil
Coutinho, M. F. C., Portugal, C. M., Nunes, M. D. O., & O’Dwyer, G. (2020) · Physis Revista de Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/s0103-73312020300219 · Cited by 9
Testing the Effectiveness of Implementing a Model of Mental Healthcare Involving Trained Lay Health Workers in Treating Major Mental Disorders Among Youth in a Conflict-Ridden, Low-Middle Income Environment: Part II Results
MALLA, A. K., Margoob, M. A., Iyer, S. N., Majid, A., Lal, S., Joober, R., & Mansouri, B. I. (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743719839314 · Cited by 9
Impact of a community-based mental health awareness program on changing attitudes of the general population toward mental health in Gujarat, India – A study of 711 respondents
Shah, S., Byer, L., Appasani, R. K., & Aggarwal, N. K. (2020) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_24_19 · Cited by 8
Developing an infection prevention and control intervention to reduce hospital-acquired infections in Cambodia and Lao People’s Democratic Republic: the HAI-PC study protocol
Oy, S., Saing, C. H., Ung, M., Zahari, M., Inthavong, N., Kim, S., Hayashi, M., Khuon, D., Koy, V., Mam, S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1239228 · Cited by 8
Training lay interventionists to support tobacco cessation among teachers in India
Aghi, M. B., Nagler, E. M., Lando, H. A., Pednekar, M. S., Gupta, P. C., & Sorensen, G. (2016) · International Journal of Health Promotion and Education · doi:10.1080/14635240.2016.1193761 · Cited by 8
Insiders and incomers: how lay public health workers' knowledge might improve public health practice
Yoeli, H., & Cattan, M. (2017) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.12446 · Cited by 7
Training and supervision
Kohrt, B. A., & Bhardwaj, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814932-4.00003-3 · Cited by 7
Understanding needs of stakeholders and outcomes desired from a home-based intervention program for “difficult to treat” schizophrenia and related disorders
Sood, M., Chadda, R., Chawla, N., Sharma, M. R., Patel, R., Mohan, M., Iyer, S. N., Padmavati, R., THARA, R., & Singh, S. P. (2022) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_252_21 · Cited by 7
DETERMINANTES SOCIALES DE LA SALUD MENTAL. ROL DE LA RELIGIOSIDAD
Rodrı́guez, E. (2016) · Persona y Bioética · doi:10.5294/pebi.2016.20.2.6 · Cited by 12
Feasibility of screening for cognitive impairment among older persons and referral by community health workers in Wakiso district, Uganda
Alinaitwe, R., Musisi, S., Mukunya, D., Wibabara, Y., Mutamba, B. B., & Nakasujja, N. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05015-0 · Cited by 6
Community-based Psychosocial Intervention for Persons with Severe Mental Illness in Rural Kerala
Pallikkuth, R., Kumar, T. M., Manickam, L. S. S., Cherian, A. V., Bunders, J., & Regeer, B. J. (2021) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_126_19 · Cited by 6
The Effectiveness of a Community Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program Led by Laypeople in China: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Chen, Y., Lam, C. S., Deng, H., Yau, E., & Ko, K. Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.671217 · Cited by 6
Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy
Kazdin, A. E. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397045-9.00245-7 · Cited by 6

Authors: Balaji, M., Chatterjee, S., Koschorke, M., Rangaswamy, T., Chavan, A., Dabholkar, H., Dakshin, L., Kumar, P., John, S., Thornicroft, G., & Patel, V.
Affiliations: Sangath (IN)
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
Schizophrenia Research Foundation (IN)
King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Patel, Vikram
ORCID: Balaji, Madhumitha
Chatterjee, Sudipto
Koschorke, Mirja
John, Sujit
Thornicroft, Graham
Patel, Vikram
Venue: BMC Health Services Research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-02-16
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 42-42
ISSN: 1472-6963 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-42
PMC: PMC3312863
OpenAlex: W2146617657
Cited by: 156
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 6.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
Locations: BMC Health Services Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Greater South Information System
Funders: South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Wellcome Trust (084355, 091834, 084355/Z/07/Z)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0611-10053)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Keywords: schizophrenia, lay health workers, intervention development, feasibility and acceptability, stigma and discrimination, family caregivers, medication adherence, psychoeducation, psychiatric rehabilitation, health worker training and supervision, treatment gap, India
MeSH terms: Community Health Workers, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, India, Interviews as Topic, Male, Pilot Projects, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Staff Development, Program Evaluation, Program Development, Caregivers, Patient Satisfaction, Social Stigma

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The development of a lay health worker delivered collaborative community based intervention for people with schizophrenia in India

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks