The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Understanding the implementation of complex interventions in health care: the normalization process model
Open accessAbstract
Background: The Normalization Process Model is a theoretical model that assists in explaining the processes by which complex interventions become routinely embedded in health care practice. It offers a framework for process evaluation and also for comparative studies of complex interventions. It focuses on the factors that promote or inhibit the routine embedding of complex interventions in health care practice. Methods: A formal theory structure is used to define the model, and its internal causal relations and mechanisms. The model is broken down to show that it is consistent and adequate in generating accurate description, systematic explanation, and the production of rational knowledge claims about the workability and integration of complex interventions. Results: The model explains the normalization of complex interventions by reference to four factors demonstrated to promote or inhibit the operationalization and embedding of complex interventions (interactional workability, relational integration, skill-set workability, and contextual integration). Conclusion: The model is consistent and adequate. Repeated calls for theoretically sound process evaluations in randomized controlled trials of complex interventions, and policy-makers who call for a proper understanding of implementation processes, emphasize the value of conceptual tools like the Normalization Process Model.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The development of NPT first involved the iterative development of a robust generic theory of implementation [5–9, 11, 12].”
From Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Normalization Process Theory (NPT) identifies, characterises and explains key mechanisms that promote and inhibit the implementation, embedding and integration of new health techniques, technologies and other complex interventions.”
From Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“NPT is a theory of implementation that focuses on what people—both individuals and groups—do rather than what they believe or intend, and it has been built up from studies of practice in many different healthcare systems.”
From Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“we have argued that theories are conceptual toolkits that can be used flexibly to deal with practical problems.”
From Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Designing specific interventions for different under-represented groups through a common framework may improve the subsequent uptake in services [14].”
From Development and evaluation of culturally sensitive psychosocial interventions for under-served people in primary care (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“NPT is a theory of implementation that focuses on what people—both individuals and groups—do rather than what they believe or intend, and it has been built up from studies of practice in many different healthcare systems.”
From Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the first iteration of the theory—the Normalization Process Model (NPM) [5, 6]—we identified the importance of collective action in routinely incorporating complex interventions into everyday practice.”
From Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We showed how collective action was organised around interactions between users and the properties of intervention components.”
From Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“As we have pointed out [22, 23, 27], none of these takes place in a vacuum, and all of it is negotiated in diverse contexts.”
From Implementation, context and complexity (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“The precursor to NPT, normalization process model (NPM), originated from a large body of work on eHealth and was developed to explain the observation that many eHealth initiatives failed to embed into routine practice [112,113].”
From Web-Based Interventions for Behavior Change and Self-Management: Potential, Pitfalls, and Progress (2012) · cites this paper as [112]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The theory of planned behavior
Ajzen, I. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · Cited by 90,587
Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organizations: Systematic Review and Recommendations
GREENHALGH, T., ROBERT, G., MACFARLANE, F., BATE, P., & KYRIAKIDOU, O. (2004) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.0887-378x.2004.00325.x · Cited by 7,448
Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health
Campbell, M. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7262.694 · Cited by 3,474 · cited 1×
“Repeated calls for theoretically sound process evaluations in randomized controlled trials of complex interventions [2,4,25], and policy-makers who call for a proper understanding of implementation processes [26], give emphasis to the value of conceptual tools like the Normalization Process Model.”
Making psychological theory useful for implementing evidence based practice: a consensus approach
Michie, S. (2005) · Quality and Safety in Health Care · doi:10.1136/qshc.2004.011155 · Cited by 3,440
Designing and evaluating complex interventions to improve health care
Campbell, N. C., Murray, E., Darbyshire, J., Emery, J., Farmer, A., Griffiths, F., Guthrie, B., Lester, H., Wilson, P., & Kinmonth, A. L. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39108.379965.be · Cited by 1,331
Self-citationProcess evaluation in randomised controlled trials of complex interventions
Oakley, A., Strange, V., Bonell, C., Allen, E., & Stephenson, J. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7538.413 · Cited by 1,247
Planning and Studying Improvement in Patient Care: The Use of Theoretical Perspectives
GROL, R. P. T. M., BOSCH, M. C., HULSCHER, M. E. J. L., ECCLES, M. P., & WENSING, M. (2007) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2007.00478.x · Cited by 943
Self-citationA Prospective and Retrospective Look at the Diffusion Model
Rogers, E. M. (2004) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730490271449 · Cited by 777
Shapiro, S. P. (2005) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.31.041304.122159 · Cited by 777
Sociological Rational Choice Theory
Hechter, M., & Satoshi Kanazawa, A. (1997) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.191 · Cited by 604
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- MRC: A framework for development and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health. 2000, London: Medical Research Council
- Rogers EM: The diffusion of innovation. 1995, New York: Free Press, 4
- Hechter M, Horne C: Theory is explanation. Theories of social order. Edited by: Hechter M, Horne C. 2003, Stanford CA: Stanford University Press
- Kennedy A, Gately C, Rogers A: National evaluation of the expert patient programme: assessing the process of embedding the EPP in the NHS. 2003, Manchester: NPCRDC
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 770
Jones, S. E., Hamilton, S., Bell, R., Araújo‐Soares, V., Glinianaia, S. V., Milne, E. M. G., White, M. J., Willmore, M., & Shucksmith, J. S. (2019) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4122-1 · Cited by 27
Hunter, P. V., Thorpe, L. U., Hounjet, C. D., & Hadjistavropoulos, T. (2018) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny103 · Cited by 27
Flynn, R., Mrklas, K., Campbell, A., Wasylak, T., & Scott, S. D. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07214-5 · Cited by 29
Exploring the concept of respite
Evans, D. J. (2012) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12044 · Cited by 27
Moving towards a new vision: implementation of a public health policy intervention
Valaitis, R. K., MacDonald, M., Kothari, A. R., O’Mara, L., Regan, S., Garcia, J., Murray, N., Manson, H. E., Peroff-Johnston, N., Bursey, G. E., et al. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3056-3 · Cited by 27
Cummings, A. J., Lund, S., Campling, N. C., May, C. R., Richardson, A. M., & Myall, M. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017056 · Cited by 27
Self-citationWalsh, D. J., Spiby, H., McCourt, C., Grigg, C. P., Coleby, D., Bishop, S., Scanlon, M., Culley, L. A., Wilkinson, J., Pacanowski, L., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033895 · Cited by 31
Bissett, S. M., Rapley, T., Preshaw, P. M., & Presseau, J. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032369 · Cited by 29
Self-citationDesign, Implementation, and Evaluation of Behavior Change Interventions: A Ten-Task Guide
Abraham, C., & Denford, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.019 · Cited by 27
Changing Behavior Using the Reflective-Impulsive Model
Deutsch, R., & Strack, F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.012 · Cited by 30
Steinmetz, C., Heinemann, S., Kutschka, I., Hasenfuss, G. P., Asendorf, T., Remppis, B. A., Knoglinger, E., Grefe, C., Albes, J. M., Baraki, H., et al. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07511-w · Cited by 26
Bower, P., Roberts, C., O’Leary, N., Callaghan, P., Bee, P., Fraser, C., Sidey-Gibbons, C. J., Olleveant, N., Rogers, A. E., Davies, L. M., et al. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0896-6 · Cited by 25
Self-citationDavidsen, A. S., & Fosgerau, C. F. (2014) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2013.12.018 · Cited by 25
Wee, S. L., & Vrijhoef, H. J. (2014) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.12292 · Cited by 25
Roig, F., & Saigí-Rubió, F. (2011) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.01.004 · Cited by 29
Community-Based Mental Health Intervention Skills: Task Shifting in Low- and Middle-Income Settings
Johns, L. D., Power, J., & MacLachlan, M. (2018) · International Perspectives in Psychology · doi:10.1037/ipp0000097 · Cited by 27
O'Donnell, C. A., Mair, F. S., Dowrick, C., Brún, M. O.-D., Brún, T. D., Burns, N., Lionis, C., Saridaki, A., Papadakaki, M., Muijsenbergh, M. V. D., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014289 · Cited by 24
Self-citationOn behalf of the CHIPPS Team, Bond, C. M., Holland, R., Alldred, D. P., Arthur, A. J., Barton, G., Birt, L., Blyth, A., Desborough, J., Ford, J., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04264-8 · Cited by 24
Dyadic Behavior Change Interventions
Scholz, U., Berli, C., Lüscher, J., & Knoll, N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.043 · Cited by 26
Swaithes, L., Paskins, Z., Duffy, H., Evans, N., Mallen, C. D., Dziedzic, K., & Finney, A. G. (2021) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp.2020.0856 · Cited by 24
Pols, J. J. (2012) · Cited by 24
New Approach to Food Safety Training: A Review of a Six-Step Knowledge-Sharing Model
Yeargin, T. A., Gibson, K. E., & Fraser, A. M. (2021) · Journal of Food Protection · doi:10.4315/jfp-21-146 · Cited by 29
Melnick, E. R., Lopez, K., Hess, E. P., Abujarad, F., Brandt, C., Shiffman, R. N., & Post, L. A. (2015) · eGEMs (Generating Evidence & Methods to improve patient outcomes) · doi:10.13063/2327-9214.1136 · Cited by 24
Gould, L., Griffiths, P., Barker, H. R., Libberton, P., Mesa‐Eguiagaray, I., Pickering, R. M., Shipway, L., & Bridges, J. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018563 · Cited by 24
Developing Behavior Change Interventions
Hankonen, N. E., & Hardeman, W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.021 · Cited by 28
Price, J., Man, S.-L., Bartlett, S. T., Taylor, K., Dinwoodie, M., & Bowie, P. (2017) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.12718 · Cited by 23
Lewis, A., Harvey, G., Hogan, M., & Kitson, A. A. (2018) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.12.016 · Cited by 23
Interactional misalignment in the UK NHS 111 healthcare telephone triage service
Morgan, J. I., & Muskett, T. (2019) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.104030 · Cited by 22
Integrating simulation into surgical training: a qualitative case study of a national programme
Shah, A. P., Cleland, J., Hawick, L., Walker, K. A., & Walker, K. (2023) · Advances in Simulation · doi:10.1186/s41077-023-00259-y · Cited by 23
Relationship between staff and quality of care in care homes: StaRQ mixed methods study
Spilsbury, K., Charlwood, A., Thompson, C. A., Haunch, K. J., Valizade, D., Devi, R., Jackson, C., Alldred, D. P., Arthur, A. J., Brown, L., et al. (2024) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/gwtt8143 · Cited by 31
How healthcare organisations can act as institutional entrepreneurs in a context of change
Breton, M., Lamothe, L., & Denis, J. (2014) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/jhom-07-2011-0072 · Cited by 26
A study of clinical and information management processes in the surgical pre-assessment clinic
Bouamrane, M.-M., & Mair, F. S. (2014) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/1472-6947-14-22 · Cited by 23
Self-citationHay, E. M., Dziedzic, K., Foster, N. E., Peat, G., van der Windt, D., Bartlam, B., Bucknall, M., Edwards, J., Healey, E. L., Holden, M. A., et al. (2018) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar06040 · Cited by 25
Rothman, A. J., Klein, W. M. P., & Sheeran, P. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.020 · Cited by 26
Persaud, D. D. (2014) · The Health Care Manager · doi:10.1097/hcm.0000000000000014 · Cited by 22
Human, Non-Human, and Beyond: Cochlear Implants in Socio-Technological Environments
Ochsner, B., Spöhrer, M., & Stock, R. (2015) · NanoEthics · doi:10.1007/s11569-015-0242-1 · Cited by 22
James, D. M. (2011) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-6-95 · Cited by 22
de Wet, C., Black, C., Luty, S., McKay, J., O’Donnell, C. A., & Bowie, P. (2016) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004093 · Cited by 22
Durand, M., Lamouroux, A., Redmond, N. M., Rotily, M., Bourmaud, A., Schott, A., Aubin-Auger, I., Frachon, A., Exbrayat, C., Balamou, C., et al. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11565-3 · Cited by 22
Willis, K. F., Small, R. E., & Brown, S. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.05.025 · Cited by 22
Holtrop, J. S., Potworowski, G. A., Green, L. A., & Fetters, M. D. (2016) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689816668689 · Cited by 23
Noble, C., Grealish, L. A., Teodorczuk, A., Shanahan, B., Hiremagular, B., Morris, J., & Yardley, S. J. (2018) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-018-0353-x · Cited by 22
Wirtz, M. A., Bitzer, E. M., Albert, U., Ansmann, L., Bögel, M., Ernstmann, N., Hollederer, A., Hower, K. I., Nowak, M., & Vollmar, H. C. (2019) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/a-0862-0588 · Cited by 25
Imagery, Visualization, and Mental Simulation Interventions
Hagger, M. S., & Conroy, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.033 · Cited by 23
Changing Behavior Using the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation
Cameron, L. D., Fleszar‐Pavlović, S. E., & Khachikian, T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.005 · Cited by 29
Hinton, L., Hodgkinson, J., Tucker, K. L., Rozmovits, L., Chappell, L. C., Greenfield, S., McCourt, C., Sandall, J., & McManus, R. J. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037874 · Cited by 22
Public involvement in health research: a case study of one NHS project over 5 years
Howe, A., Delaney, S., Romero, J., Tinsley, A., & Vicary, P. (2010) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423609990405 · Cited by 21
Hardman, R., Begg, S. J., & Spelten, E. R. (2021) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-021-01387-y · Cited by 22
Schubbe, D. C., Yen, R. W., Saunders, C. H., Elwyn, G. J., Forcino, R. C., O’Malley, A. J., Politi, M. C., Margenthaler, J. A., Volk, R. J., Sepucha, K., et al. (2021) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01115-1 · Cited by 23
Leidner, C., Vennedey, V., Hillen, H. A., Ansmann, L., Stock, S., Kuntz, L., Pfaff, H., & Hower, K. I. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050054 · Cited by 30
A Framework for Evaluating Dashboards in Healthcare
Zhuang, M., Concannon, D., & Manley, E. (2022) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 21
Bayliss, K., Riste, L., Band, R. J., Peters, S., Wearden, A. J., Lovell, K., Fisher, L., & Chew-Graham, C. A. (2016) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0453-8 · Cited by 25
Should the Quality and Outcomes Framework be abolished? No
Siriwardena, A. N. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c2794 · Cited by 21
Predictive risk stratification model: a randomised stepped-wedge trial in primary care (PRISMATIC)
Snooks, H. A., Bailey, K., Burge-Jones, D., Dale, J. R., Davies, J., Evans, B. A., Farr, A., Fitzsimmons, D. F., Harrison, J., Heaven, M. L., et al. (2018) · Health Services and Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/hsdr06010 · Cited by 21
Coolbrandt, A., Wildiers, H. P. M. W., Aertgeerts, B., de Casterlé, B. D., van Achterberg, T., & Milisen, K. (2018) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-018-0297-8 · Cited by 21
Asiedu, G. B., Fang, J. L., Harris, A. M., Colby, C. E., & Carroll, K. (2019) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.111 · Cited by 21
Aarts, J. W. M., Faber, M. J., Cohlen, B. J., van Oers, A. M., Nelen, W. L. D. M., & Kremer, J. A. M. (2015) · Human Fertility · doi:10.3109/14647273.2015.1057901 · Cited by 21
Engagement of Stakeholders in the Design, Evaluation, and Implementation of Complex Interventions
Hudson, J. L., Moon, Z., Hughes, L. D., & Moss-Morris, R. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.024 · Cited by 20
Martel, R., Shepherd, M., & Goodyear‐Smith, F. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/30479 · Cited by 25
Watson, D. P., Staton, M. D., & Gastala, N. (2022) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-022-00324-3 · Cited by 20
Windle, G., Flynn, G., Hoare, Z., Masterson‐Algar, P., Egan, K. J., Edwards, R. T., Jones, C., Spector, A. E., Algar-Skaife, K., Hughes, G., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064314 · Cited by 20
Bouamrane, M.-M., Osbourne, J. A., & Mair, F. S. (2011) · International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare · doi:10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2011.246039 · Cited by 21
Self-citationSibthorpe, B. M., Gardner, K., Chan, M., Dowden, M., Sargent, G. M., & McAullay, D. R. (2018) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/jhom-02-2018-0056 · Cited by 20
How Should We Evaluate and Use Evidence to Improve Population Oral Health?
Brocklehurst, P. R., Baker, S. R., Listl, S., Peres, M. A., Tsakos, G., & Rycroft‐Malone, J. (2018) · Dental Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cden.2018.08.009 · Cited by 22
From summative to developmental
Gray, C. S., & Shaw, J. (2018) · Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.1108/jica-07-2018-0053 · Cited by 20
Mishuris, R. G., Palmisano, J. N., McCullagh, L., Hess, R., Feldstein, D., Smith, P. D., McGinn, T. G., & Mann, D. M. (2019) · BMJ Health & Care Informatics · doi:10.1136/bmjhci-2019-100088 · Cited by 23
Uri Gneezy, B., Kajackaite, A., & Meier, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.036 · Cited by 20
Murofushi, K., Badaracco, C., County, C., Gonzales‐Pacheco, D., Silzle, C., Watowicz, R. P., & Moloney, L. M. (2020) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.093 · Cited by 21
Dombrowski, S. U., Campbell, P., Frost, H., Pollock, A., McLellan, J., MacGillivray, S. A., Gavine, A. J., Maxwell, M., O’Carroll, R. E., Cheyne, H., et al. (2016) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0355-9 · Cited by 20
Tierney, E., Hannigan, A., Kinneen, L., May, C. R., O’Sullivan, M., King, R., Kennedy, N., & MacFarlane, A. E. (2019) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.09.002 · Cited by 19
Self-citationGoderis, G., Colman, E., Irusta, L. A., Hecke, A. V., Pétré, B., Devroey, D., Deun, E. V., Faes, K., Charlier, N., Verhaeghe, N., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.5435 · Cited by 21
Allen, D. A., Lloyd, A., Edwards, D. L., Hood, K., Huang, C., Hughes, J., Jacob, N., Lacy, D., Moriarty, Y., Oliver, A., et al. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07314-2 · Cited by 20
Identifying quality indicators to measure workplace violence in healthcare settings: a rapid review
Lyver, B., Gorla, J., Schulz-Quach, C., Anderson, M. A., Singh, B., Hanagan, T., Haines, J., & Sethi, R. (2024) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12873-024-00943-w · Cited by 24
Godden, D., & King, G. (2011) · Primary Care Respiratory Journal · doi:10.4104/pcrj.2011.00063 · Cited by 19
Study protocol: ICONS: Identifying continence options after stroke: A randomised trial
The ICONS Project Team and the ICONS Patient, P. A. C. I. G., Thomas, L. H., Watkins, C. L., French, B., Sutton, C., Forshaw, D., Cheater, F., Roe, B. H., Leathley, M. J., Burton, C. R., et al. (2011) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-131 · Cited by 19
Care managers’ perceptions of eHomecare: a qualitative interview study
Åkerlind, C., Martin, L., & Gustafsson, C. (2017) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2017.1366893 · Cited by 19
Gray, C. S., Gravesande, J., Hans, P. K., Nie, J. X., Sharpe, S., Loganathan, M., Lyons, R., & Cott, C. A. (2018) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/11950 · Cited by 19
Donnelly, S., Coimín, D. Ó., O’Donnell, D., Shé, É. N., Davies, C., Christophers, L., Donald, S. M., & Kroll, T. (2021) · Journal of Interprofessional Care · doi:10.1080/13561820.2020.1863342 · Cited by 20
Telehealth in practice: using Normalisation Process Theory to bridge the translational gap
Morrison, D., & Mair, F. S. (2011) · Primary Care Respiratory Journal · doi:10.4104/pcrj.2011.00092 · Cited by 19
Self-citationImproving the Capacity to Treat Depression using Talking Therapies
Dunn, B. D., & Roberts, H. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468197.ch13 · Cited by 19
Ruiter, R. A. C., Crutzen, R., de Leeuw, E., & Kok, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.018 · Cited by 20
Swaithes, L., Dziedzic, K., Finney, A. G., Cottrell, E., Jinks, C., Mallen, C. D., Currie, G., & Paskins, Z. (2020) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-020-01055-2 · Cited by 18
McEwan, K., Girling, M., Bate, A., Atkinson, J., Clarke, A., & Dalkin, S. M. (2023) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645579.2023.2184920 · Cited by 18
Thompson, C. A., Mebrahtu, T. F., Skyrme, S., Bloor, K. E., Andre, D., Keenan, A., Ledward, A., Yang, H., & Randell, R. (2023) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/grnm5147 · Cited by 19
Herepath, A., Kitchener, M., & Waring, J. J. (2015) · Health Services and Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/hsdr03400 · Cited by 18
Volker, N., Davey, R., Cochrane, T., Williams, L. T., & Clancy, T. (2014) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.2882 · Cited by 17
Information systems development: a normalisation process theory perspective
Sooklal, R., Παπαδόπουλος, Θ., & Ojiako, U. (2011) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/02635571111170794 · Cited by 20
Law, J., Tulip, J., Stringer, H., Cockerill, M., & Dockrell, J. E. (2019) · Child Language Teaching and Therapy · doi:10.1177/0265659019869792 · Cited by 17
Ouayogodé, M. H., Fraze, T., Rich, E. C., & Colla, C. H. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2019 · Cited by 17
Foy, R., Willis, T. A., Glidewell, L., McEachan, R., Lawton, R., Meads, D. M., Collinson, M., Hunter, C., Hulme, C. T., West, R. M., et al. (2020) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar08040 · Cited by 17
A review of models for assessing readiness of construction organisations to innovate
Akunyumu, S., Fugar, F. D. K., Adinyira, E., & Danku, J. C. (2020) · Construction Innovation · doi:10.1108/ci-01-2020-0014 · Cited by 18
Thomas, L. H., French, B., Sutton, C., Forshaw, D., Leathley, M. J., Burton, C. R., Roe, B. H., Cheater, F., Booth, J., McColl, E., et al. (2015) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar03010 · Cited by 17
May, C. R., Hillis, A., Albers, B., Desveaux, L., Gilbert, A. W., Girling, M., Kislov, R., MacFarlane, A. E., Mair, F. S., Potthoff, S., et al. (2025) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-025-01444-5 · Cited by 23
Self-citationHølmkjær, P., Vermehren, C., Holm, A., Rozing, M. P., Høj, K., & Overbeck, G. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-08961-9 · Cited by 17
Ångerman, S., Kirves, H., & Nurmi, J. O. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13049-023-01086-w · Cited by 18
Fernando, M., Abell, B., Tyack, Z. F., Donovan, T., McPhail, S., & Naicker, S. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/45163 · Cited by 22
Dugdale, S., Elison, S., Davies, G., Ward, J., & Dalton, M. (2016) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-016-9512-0 · Cited by 16
O’Brien, M. A., Sullivan, F., Carson, A., Siddiqui, R., Syed, S., & Paszat, L. F. (2017) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-017-0666-5 · Cited by 16
Changing Behavior Using Social Identity Processes
Reynolds, K. J., Branscombe, N. R., Subašić, E., & Willis, L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.016 · Cited by 21
How feasible are lifestyle modification programs for disease prevention in general practice?
Schütze, H., Rix, E., Laws, R., Passey, M. E., Fanaian, M., & Harris, M. (2011) · Australian Journal of Primary Health · doi:10.1071/py10106 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- May, C., Finch, T., Mair, F., Ballini, L., Dowrick, C., Eccles, M., Gask, L., MacFarlane, A., Murray, E., Rapley, T., Rogers, A., Treweek, S., Wallace, P., Anderson, G., Burns, J., & Heaven, B.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale (IT)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Corresponding author
- May, Carl
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Health Services Research
- Published
- 2007-09-19
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 148-148
- ISSN
- 1472-6963 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2089069
- OpenAlex
- W2122402281
- Cited by
- 768
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 23.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Health Services Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (acceptedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- European Commission
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Health Technology Assessment Programme
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Evaluation and Performance Assessment
- Keywords
- complex interventions, intervention implementation, process evaluation, relational integration, contextual integration, health care practices, causal mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Models, Theoretical, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Evidence-Based Medicine, Guideline Adherence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
