Human LINE-1 retrotransposon induces DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cells
Open accessAbstract
Background: Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), Alu and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) make up some 45% of human DNA. LINE-1 also called L1, is the most common family of non-LTR retrotransposons in the human genome and comprises about 17% of the genome. L1 elements require the integration into chromosomal target sites using L1-encoded endonuclease which creates staggering DNA breaks allowing the newly transposed L1 copies to integrate into the genome. L1 expression and retrotransposition in cancer cells might cause transcriptional deregulation, insertional mutations, DNA breaks, and an increased frequency of recombinations, contributing to genome instability. There is however little evidence on the mechanism of L1-induced genetic instability and its impact on cancer cell growth and proliferation. Results: We report that L1 has genome-destabilizing effects indicated by an accumulation of γ-H2AX foci, an early response to DNA strand breaks, in association with an abnormal cell cycle progression through a G2/M accumulation and an induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In addition, we found that adjuvant L1 activation may lead to supra-additive killing when combined with radiation by enhancing the radiation lethality through induction of apoptosis that we have detected through Bax activation. Conclusion: L1 retrotransposition is sensed as a DNA damaging event through the creation DNA breaks involving L1-encoded endonuclease. The apparent synergistic interaction between L1 activation and radiation can further be utilized for targeted induction of cancer cell death. Thus, the role of retrotransoposons in general, and of L1 in particular, in DNA damage and repair assumes larger significance both for the understanding of mutagenicity and, potentially, for the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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The sum of these changes in DNA methylation likely lead to an age-related transcriptional programme.
“The sum of these changes in DNA methylation likely lead to an age-related transcriptional programme 53 .”
From The roles of DNA, RNA and histone methylation in ageing and cancer (2019) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Belgnaoui, S. M., Gosden, R. G., Semmes, O. J., & Haoudi, A.
- Affiliations
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haoudi, Abdelali
- ORCID
- Semmes, O John
- Venue
- Cancer Cell International
- Published
- 2006-05-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-13
- ISSN
- 1475-2867 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1464142
- OpenAlex
- W1535401771
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 8.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Cancer Cell International (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Elsa U. Pardee Foundation
- University of Pennsylvania
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA076595)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Keywords
- LINE-1 retrotransposons, retrotransposition, DNA damage, apoptosis, breast cancer cells, γH2AX foci, G2/M cell cycle arrest, Bax activation, radiation lethality, genomic instability, DNA strand breaks, mutagenesis
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