Randomized comparison of the effects of the vitamin D3adequate intake versus 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day on biochemical responses and the wellbeing of patients
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: For adults, vitamin D intake of 100 mcg (4000 IU)/day is physiologic and safe. The adequate intake (AI) for older adults is 15 mcg (600 IU)/day, but there has been no report focusing on use of this dose. METHODS: We compared effects of these doses on biochemical responses and sense of wellbeing in a blinded, randomized trial. In Study 1, 64 outpatients (recruited if summer 2001 25(OH)D <61 nmol/L) were given 15 or 100 mcg/day vitamin D in December 2001. Biochemical responses were followed at subsequent visits that were part of clinical care; 37 patients completed a wellbeing questionnaire in December 2001 and February 2002. Subjects for Study 2 were recruited if their 25(OH)D was <51 nmol/L in summer 2001. 66 outpatients were given vitamin D; 51 completed a wellbeing questionnaire in both December 2002 and February 2003. RESULTS: In Study 1, basal summer 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] averaged 48 +/- 9 (SD) nmol/L. Supplementation for more than 6 months produced mean 25(OH)D levels of 79 +/- 30 nmol/L for the 15 mcg/day group, and 112 +/- 41 nmol/L for the 100 mcg/day group. Both doses lowered plasma parathyroid hormone with no effect on plasma calcium. Between December and February, wellbeing score improved more for the 100-mcg/day group than for the lower-dosed group (1-tail Mann-Whitney p = 0.036). In Study 2, 25(OH)D averaged 39 +/- 9 nmol/L, and winter wellbeing scores improved with both doses of vitamin D (two-tail p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The highest AI for vitamin D brought summertime 25(OH)D to >40 nmol/L, lowered PTH, and its use was associated with improved wellbeing. The 100 mcg/day dose produced greater responses. Since it was ethically necessary to provide a meaningful dose of vitamin D to these insufficient patients, we cannot rule out a placebo wellbeing response, particularly for those on the lower dose. This work confirms the safety and efficacy of both 15 and 100 mcg/day vitamin D3 in patients who needed additional vitamin D.
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Some work has reported no evidence for a significant association between zinc and depression.
“some work has reported that there is no evidence for the significant association between zinc and depression (34).”
From Effects of zinc, vitamin D, and their co-supplementation on mood, serum cortisol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with obesity and mild to moderate depressive symptoms: A phase II, 12-wk, 2 × 2 factorial design, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
The Methods (Questionnaire) and Conclusions discuss vitamin D supplementation, wellbeing, and depressive symptoms, not zinc. A search of our full-text copy for “zinc” and “zinc depression association” found no passage addressing whether zinc is significantly associated with depression. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Vieth, R., Kimball, S., Hu, A., & Walfish, P. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Vieth, Reinhold
- Venue
- Nutrition Journal
- Published
- 2004-07-19
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8-8
- ISSN
- 1475-2891 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC506781
- OpenAlex
- W2135815514
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 9.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrition Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- vitamin D supplementation, adequate intake, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, plasma calcium, well-being, older adults, seasonal variation, winter supplementation
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