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Enhanced increase of omega-3 index in healthy individuals with response to 4-week n-3 fatty acid supplementation from krill oil versus fish oil
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Due to structural differences, bioavailability of krill oil, a phospholipid based oil, could be higher than fish oil, a triglyceride-based oil, conferring properties that render it more effective than fish oil in increasing omega-3 index and thereby, reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the effects of krill oil compared with fish oil or a placebo control on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid profile in healthy volunteers. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Twenty four healthy volunteers were recruited for a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. The study consisted of three treatment phases including krill or fish oil each providing 600 mg of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or placebo control, corn oil in capsule form. Each treatment lasted 4 wk and was separated by 8 wk washout phases. RESULTS: Krill oil consumption increased plasma (p = 0.0043) and RBC (p = 0.0011) n-3 PUFA concentrations, including EPA and DHA, and reduced n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios (plasma: p = 0.0043, RBC: p = 0.0143) compared with fish oil consumption. Sum of EPA and DHA concentrations in RBC, the omega-3 index, was increased following krill oil supplementation compared with fish oil (p = 0.0143) and control (p < 0.0001). Serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol concentrations did not change with any of the treatments. However, total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were increased following krill (TC: p = 0.0067, LDL: p = 0.0143) and fish oil supplementation (TC: p = 0.0028, LDL: p = 0.0143) compared with control. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of krill oil was well tolerated with no adverse events. Results indicate that krill oil could be more effective than fish oil in increasing n-3 PUFA, reducing n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, and improving the omega-3 index. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01323036.
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“Several studies have shown that different esterified forms of polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibited different levels of bioavailability and effectiveness of their bioactivities.”
From Solid Matrix-Supported Supercritical CO2 Enhances Extraction of γ-Linolenic Acid from the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis and Bioactivity Evaluation of the Molecule in Zebrafish (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
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“For example, docosahexaenoic acid-phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC) produced a more significant improvement in brain development, cognitive performance and emotional well-being than docosahexaenoic acid-triglyceride (DHA-TG) [56,57,58].”
From Solid Matrix-Supported Supercritical CO2 Enhances Extraction of γ-Linolenic Acid from the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis and Bioactivity Evaluation of the Molecule in Zebrafish (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ramprasath, V. R., Eyal, I., Zchut, S., & Jones, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Tower Semiconductor (Israel) (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Peter JH
- ORCID
- Jones, Peter JH
- Venue
- Lipids in Health and Disease
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 178-178
- ISSN
- 1476-511X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4235028
- OpenAlex
- W2140531245
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12
- FWCI
- 14.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Lipids in Health and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Mspace (University of Manitoba) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Haifa
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- krill oil, fish oil, omega-3 index, omega-3 fatty acids, EPA, docosahexaenoic acid, n-6/n-3 ratio, plasma fatty acid profile, cholesterol, serum triglycerides, cardiovascular risk, dietary supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Corn Oil, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Double-Blind Method, Female, Fish Oils, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Triglycerides, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Cross-Over Studies, Euphausiacea, Healthy Volunteers
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