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Validation of the Spanish versions of the long (26 items) and short (12 items) forms of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)
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BACKGROUND: Self-compassion is a key psychological construct for assessing clinical outcomes in mindfulness-based interventions. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish versions of the long (26 item) and short (12 item) forms of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). METHODS: The translated Spanish versions of both subscales were administered to two independent samples: Sample 1 was comprised of university students (n = 268) who were recruited to validate the long form, and Sample 2 was comprised of Aragon Health Service workers (n = 271) who were recruited to validate the short form. In addition to SCS, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait (STAI-T), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) were administered. Construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and convergent validity were tested. RESULTS: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the long and short forms of the SCS confirmed the original six-factor model in both scales, showing goodness of fit. Cronbach's α for the 26 item SCS was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.85-0.90) and ranged between 0.72 and 0.79 for the 6 subscales. Cronbach's α for the 12-item SCS was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.81-0.88) and ranged between 0.71 and 0.77 for the 6 subscales. The long (26-item) form of the SCS showed a test-retest coefficient of 0.92 (95% CI = 0.89-0.94). The Intraclass Correlation (ICC) for the 6 subscales ranged from 0.84 to 0.93. The short (12-item) form of the SCS showed a test-retest coefficient of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87-0.93). The ICC for the 6 subscales ranged from 0.79 to 0.91. The long and short forms of the SCS exhibited a significant negative correlation with the BDI, the STAI and the PSQ, and a significant positive correlation with the MAAS. The correlation between the total score of the long and short SCS form was r = 0.92. CONCLUSION: The Spanish versions of the long (26-item) and short (12-item) forms of the SCS are valid and reliable instruments for the evaluation of self-compassion among the general population. These results substantiate the use of this scale in research and clinical practice.
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“The SCS demonstrated good internal consistencies in both Chinese (α = 0.84) [54] and Western population groups (α = 0.66 to 0.91) [55,56,57] (Cronbach’s α in this study = 0.85 for the overall SCS, 0.76 to 0.83 for the SCS subscales) [58].”
From Roles of Parental Psychological Flexibility, Self-Compassion, and Self-Efficacy in Affecting Mental Health and Quality of Life in Parents of Children with Eczema (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Większość zdotychczas opublikowanych badań prowadzonych wróżnych krajach zreplikowała strukturę SCS-SF zaproponowaną przez Raesa iwsp. [11] iwykazała dobre właściwości skali [30-32].”
From The Polish adaptation of the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“The Spanish version of the SCS-SF shows good internal consistency (α = 0.86) [22].”
From Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy for Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Fibromyalgia (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
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“The psychometric properties of the instrument are adequate (22) .”
From Mindfulness y duelo: programa MADED, mindfulness para la aceptación del dolor, las emociones y el duelo (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
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Items 201–300 of 307
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“The Spanish version of the SCS-SF has shown high internal consistency and high test– retest reliability [29].”
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“Worldwide, there are many translated versions of SCS available (Costa e. al., 2016; Deniz, Kesici & Sümer, 2008; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Raes et al., 2011; Neff, 2003; Neff, 2016).”
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Uslu, B., Busching, R., & Warschburger, P. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02698-2 · Cited by 3
“Besides the factorial validity of the SCS, numerous studies across a variety of countries developed translated versions (e.g., Arabic (Alabdulaziz et al., 2020), Chinese (Chen et al., 2011), Czech (Benda & Reichová, 2016), Dutch (Neff & Vonk, 2009), French (Kotsou & Leys, 2016), German (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011), Gree…”
InfluentialSelf-compassion and stress responses among early adolescents
Zieff, G. H., Jameson, T., Nutini, A., Battaglini, A. M., Jopling, E. N., Grocott, B. B., Rnic, K., Puterman, E. M., & LeMoult, J. (2025) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107694 · Cited by 3
Development and Validation of the Barriers to Professional Self-Care Scale (BPS-CS)
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Desdentado, L., Cebolla, A., Miragall, M., Lloréns, R., Navarro, M., & Baños, R. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01553-w · Cited by 3
“Both the original and Spanish versions of the SCS have shown adequate internal consistencies and similar characteristics to the long forms (Garcia-Campayo et al. 2014; Raes et al. 2011).”
BackgroundMethodMontesinos, F., & Cañas, C. C. (2021) · Análisis y Modificación de Conducta · doi:10.33776/amc.v47i175.5360 · Cited by 3
Travezaño-Cabrera, A., & Elguera-Cuba, A. (2022) · Academo Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades · doi:10.30545/academo.2022.jul-dic.8 · Cited by 4
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“Self-compassion was assessed using the positive items of the Spanish validation 38 of the SCS. 19 Following a recent report indicating that the inclusion of negative components in the SCS overestimates the association between self-compassion and psychological problems, 25 only items corresponding…”
Villalón, F., Escaffi‐Schwarz, M., & Correa-Matus, E. (2023) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872023000200160 · Cited by 3
“…que se encontró una varianza negativa y alta coli-nealidad entre los factores impidiendo realizar un Análisis de modelo de ecuación estructural (SEM), que no se encuentra reportada en los estudios revisados 15,18 , incluyendo el estudio que analiza modelos de factores en 20 muestras diferentes 2 .”
BackgroundInfluential"Өөртөө энэрэнгүй хандах байдлыг хэмжих" асуулгын психометрик чанарыг судалсан нь
Идэрбат, А., Otgonbaatar, K., Бишхорлоо, Б., & Лхамсүрэн, З. (2024) · БОЛОВСРОЛЫН СУДАЛГААНЫ МОНГОЛЫН СЭТГҮҮЛ · doi:10.56380/v29.1.1 · Cited by 3
“…(Raes et al., 2010) ба улмаар Колумб, Швед, Испани, Араб, Турк, Грек зэрэг улсад орчуулагдаж, нутагшуулалтын судалгаанууд хийгдсэн байна (Martínez - Ramos et al., 2022, Bratt & Fagerström 2019, Garcia - Campayo et al., 2014, Alabdulaziz et al., 2020, Deniz et al., 2008, Mantzios et al., 2013).”
Effect of Mindfulness-Based Self-Care Education on the Quality of Female Nurses’ Life
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“67Terapia Psicológica, vol. 39, no. 1 (abril 2021) b) Escala de Autocompasión (Neff, 2003b) en su versión española (García-Campayo et al., 2014).”
Unveiling the mirage of mindfulness profiles through mindfulness-based stress reduction
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Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in International Contexts
Strohmaier, S., Eileen Luders, A., & Krägeloh, C. U. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89738-3_18-1 · Cited by 2
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Ochoa-Nieto, S. P., Benjumea-Gómez, L. M., Arango, D. C., Cardona, Á. M. S., Cardona, A. S., & Marín, C. A. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1336562 · Cited by 2
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“The abbreviated Spanish version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) [23] was used to assess general self-compassion.”
Terapia de Compasión Basada en los Estilos de Apego
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“La escala fue validada al español por García-Campayo et al. (2014).”
Propiedades psicométricas de la versión corta del Inventario Friburgo de Mindfulness
García, A. M. R., Sáez-García, M., Moya‐Faz, F. J., & Puga, J. L. (2022) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082022000100071 · Cited by 1
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“The Spanish version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) [63], a self-report measure assessing mindfulness, was utilized as a measure of divergent validity.”
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“Por otra parte, es preciso destacar que la escala de autocompasión (Neff, 2003) ha sido validada en muestras de población española (García-Campayo et al., 2014) y que los índices de confiabilidad alcanzados son similares a los de la versión original, aunque se aproximan más a los observados en la…”
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Terapia basada en la compasión: regulación emocional, apego y salud mental
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“A large number of studies have shown the empirical validity of the six-factor structure of the translated versions of the scale across cultures (Arimitsu, 2014; Azizi, Mohammadkhani, Foroughi, Lotfi, & Bahramkhani, 2013; Castilho, Pinto-Gouveia, & Duarte, 2015; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Montero-Marin et al., 2018)…”
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“Se empleó la versión española abreviada de la Escala de Autocompasión (SCS, Raes et al., 2011), validada en España por García-Campayo et al. (2014).”
BackgroundSödermark, M. (2023) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/9789180753692 · Cited by 2
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Diagnostic validation of the 00325 Inadequate Self‐Compassion
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“…and consistently predicts positive outcomes in several mental disorders such as anxiety disorders and depression (e.g., Smeets, Neff, Alberts, & Peters, 2014; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Van Dam, Sheppard, Forsyth, & Earleywine, 2011; Egan, Rees, Delalande, ... & Finlay-Jones, 2022).”
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“14 Over-identification refers to being overly absorbed in one’s painful thoughts and feelings, whereas mindfulness involves maintaining balanced awareness of them.”
Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Dependencia Emocional Forma Breve en adultos peruanos
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Samosuosjećanje – konceptualizacija, operacionalizacija i pregled istraživanja
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Duelo por ruptura amorosa y florecimiento en estudiantes: El rol mediador de la autocompasión
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"Өөртөө энэрэнгүй хандах байдлыг хэмжих" асуулгын психометрик чанарыг судалсан нь
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Patient-reported assessment of compassion in Spanish: a systematic review
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Translation and Validation Study of the Korean Self-Compassion Scale
Chae, S. W., Cheon, J. E., Latner, J. D., & Kim, Y.-H. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02453-z · Cited by 1
“For example, Chinese (Chen et al., 2011) and Spanish (Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014) versions of the SCS suggested the single higher-order factor model.”
InfluentialGrado de autocompasión en deportistas de alto rendimiento lesionados
González, M. R. (2021) · MLS Sport Research · doi:10.54716/mlssr.v1i2.645 · Cited by 1
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MINDFULNESS IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION: A PILOT STUDY
Simone, M. D., Romano, A., & Strollo, M. R. (2014) · Use Siena air (University of Siena) · Cited by 1
Modrego-Alarcón, M., Navarro-Gil, M., Beltrán-Ruiz, M., Monreal-Bartolomé, A., Gascón, S., López-del-Hoyo, Y., García-Campayo, J., Delgado-Suárez, I., & Montero-Marín, J. (2019) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.2.12892/v1 · Cited by 1
“Self-compassion will be measured by the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (51) Spanish version (52).”
Self-citationAldridge, M. A., Cara, N., Simpson, A., O’Brien-Kop, K., & Priyadarshana, W. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.25338430 · Cited by 1
'You can't hate yourself thin' Obesity recovery and self-compassion
Ottley, K. (2019) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Grunbaum, C. (2020) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.17300.53124
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS, PROCESS AND PRODUCT IN A CSCL EXPERIENCE
Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, U. D. Z. (., Vigueras, D., Lara, M. C., Facultat d’Educació, U. I. D. C. (., Rodríguez, F. D., Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos, U. P. D. M. (., Rampérez, V., Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos, U. P. D. M. (., Soriano, J., Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos, U. P. D. M. (., et al. (2019) · Education and new developments · doi:10.36315/2019v2end081
“Spanish version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014).”
MethodÁvila, D. M., & Núñez, L. M. R. (2015)
منصور, ا. ك. ا. (2016) · مجلة التربية الخاصة · doi:10.21608/mtkh.2016.168555 · Cited by 2
Modrego‐Alarcón, M., Navarro-Gil, M. T., Beltrán-Ruiz, M., Monreal‐Bartolomé, A., Gascón, S., del Hoyo, Y. L., García‐Campayo, J., Delgado-Suárez, I., & Montero‐Marín, J. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.2.12892/v2
Self-citationMuñoz, F. A. (2011) · Trabajo social y salud
Atalaya, J. C. V.-M. (2021) · Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos (University of Burgos) · doi:10.36443/10259/6446
Coda, D. R., & Vásquez, C. P. S. (2020) · Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) · doi:10.19083/tesis/653508
Miladinović, P., & Mitić, A. (2022) · Engrami · doi:10.5937/engrami44-36516 · Cited by 1
Tur, C., & Tur Domenech, C. (2023) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · doi:10.6035/14109.2023.433029
Spanish Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P)
Martínez, L. B., Martínez‐Pampliega, A., & Merino, L. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02082-y · Cited by 2
Influence of bully victimization on depressive mood with self-compassion and resilience as mediators
Bowornkittikun, A. (2020) · Chula Digiverse · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2020.398 · Cited by 1
Liberman1, T., Bidegain, M., Berriel, A., López, F., Ibarra, A., Pisani, M., Polero, S., Brito, G., Pereira, A. C., López, S., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2909265/v1
Peña-Muñante, G. S. (2023) · APUNTES DE PSICOLOGÍA · doi:10.55414/ap.v41i2.1540
Herdi, H., & Mamesah, M. (2023) · JIV-Jurnal Ilmiah Visi · doi:10.21009/jiv.1801.6
The development and psychometric evaluation of two new scales of self-compassion for preadolescents
Barclay-Timmis, V., Burton, L. J., & Beccaria, G. (2023) · Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences · doi:10.5964/miss.11199
“Some researchers have successfully replicated Neff’s (2003b) six-factor correlated struc ture utilising confirmatory factor analyses in community (e.g., Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Mantzios et al., 2015) and clinical samples (e.g., Castilho et al., 2015).”
BackgroundLei, N., Liu, X., Xu, H., Chen, Z., & Dong, T. (2023) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · doi:10.32592/ircmj.2023.25.7.2804
النهوض الأكاديمي وعلاقته بالشفقة بالذات والرجاء كمتغير معدل لدى طلاب السنة الأولى الجامعية
المغني, أ. ع. ا. ع. (2023) · مجلة کلیة التربیة فى العلوم النفسیة · doi:10.21608/jfeps.2023.324751
Chen, H., Wang, K., Yang, N., & Chong, E. S. K. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/kcje5
González-Moreno, J., MONTERO, C. P., Manos, D., Martínez, S. G., & Cantero-García, M. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06012-6 · Cited by 1
“The Spanish version of the Self Compassion Scale (SCS-Neff, 2003) validated by García-Campayo et al. (2014) was used to measure the variable self-compassion.”
Quiroz, F. J. R., Ardela-Cabrera, C., Altamirano-Carrasco, S. D. P., Holguín, J. Y. M., Bazán, Z. D. L., Aguilar-Mori, K., Tafur, J. B. V., & León-Ramírez, S. V. (2024) · International Journal of Religion · doi:10.61707/m4s27015
“The Spanish adaptation was carried out by García-Campayo et al. (2014) affirming the same factorial model.”
MethodDiseño de propuesta de intervención basada en MBSR para el equipo de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos
López, M. L. S. (2024) · Clínica Contemporánea · doi:10.5093/cc2024a18
Osmo, F., Duran, V. R., & Borri, M. M. (2024) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s12124-024-09886-0
“…in the use of EFA contributed to adaptation and validation studies of Neff’s theory being carried out solely based on CFA (e.g., Azizi et al., 2013; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Coroiu et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2022; de Souza & Hutz, 2016; Nazari et al., 2022; Petrocchi et al., 2014), and thus,…”
Relación entre competencia cultural y compasión en profesionales de enfermería de Bogotá
Velásquez, V., García-Ocampo, N., Leal, L. M. R., Piratoba-Hernández, B., & Díaz, A. L. L. (2024) · Hacia la Promoción de la Salud · doi:10.17151/hpsal.2024.29.3.2
Tur, C., Campos, D., Díaz-Sanahuja, L., Fernández-Buendía, S., Grimaldos, J., de la Coba-Cañizares, L., Kazlauskas, E., & Quero, S. (2025) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs15101312
“…(PTGI) (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996; Weiss & Berger, 2006), the Purpose- In-Life Test (PIL-10) (García-Alandete, 2014), the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15) (Asensio-Martínez et al., 2019) and the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) (Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Raes et al., 2011).”
InfluentialAbad‐Corpa, E., Espinosa‐Sánchez, M., Barnestein‐Fonseca, P., Camacho‐Bejarano, R., Delgado‐Hito, P., Bonet, R. M., & COMPAS‐Group (2025) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.70235
“The short self-compassion questionnaire has shown adequate internal consistency ( α > 0.85) and a correlation with the long form of r between 0.35 and 0.70 (Garcia-Campayo et al. 2014).”
InfluentialBowornkittikun, A., Pisitsungkagarn, K., Jarukasemthawee, S., & Sirivasuvat, C. (2025) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2025-0097
The Role of Self-Compassion and Compassion in Adolescent Flourishing
Klos, M. C., & Lemos, V. (2024) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.1037/e507842026-001
Gačal, H., Mihić, J., & Gračanin, A. (2025) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2025.2454438
“So far, the scale has been translated into more than 20 languages and the initially obtained six-factor structure of the scale was replicated in several different cultural contexts, for instance in Japan (Arimitsu, 2014), Iran (Azizi et al., 2013), Portugal (Castilho et al., 2015), Spain (Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014),…”
Risk Factors for Social Exclusion and Stigma in a Group of Non-Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19
Becerril-Serna, G., Franco‐Cendejas, R., & Paz-Rodríguez, F. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22121775
“An overall SCS rating has adequate reliability and validity in Mexican population internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.84) [15,16], even in different cultures [17].”
InfluentialDavid, O., Miron, I. S., & Tomoiaga, C. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106004
Expressed Emotions and Burden in Caregivers of Patients of Schizophrenia – A Cross-Sectional Study
Purandare, J., Mahajan, S., Rana, K., & Sathe, H. (2026) · Journal of Mental Health and Human Behaviour · doi:10.4103/jmhhb.jmhhb_161_25
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autocompasión de Estado (SSCS) en adolescentes mexicanos
Hernández, J. D. J. M., de León, M. D. C. E. P., Ruíz, E. J. C., & Vázquez, V. M. V. (2026) · Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2026.1.905
Peter, E. L., Holden, R. R., Brooks, B., & D’Agata, M. T. (2025) · Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health · doi:10.3138/jmvfh-2024-0094
Gerges, S., Sakr, F., Dabbous, M., Obeïd, S., & Hallit, S. R. (2026) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053261417897
“The SCS-SF has also been validated in English (Raes et al., 2011), Dutch (Raes et al., 2011), Spanish (Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014), and Polish (Holas et al., 2024).”
Rueda-Sánchez, S. I., Navarro‐Gil, M., Aguilar‐Latorre, A., Barceló‐Soler, A., & García‐Campayo, J. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04493-7
“Self-compassion was assessed using the Spanish version of the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF; [7]).”
Self-citationMartínez, M. B. A., Romero, N. A. R., Santos, S. R. D. L., Santoncini, C. U., Ojeda, G. M., & González, Ó. G. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440261445621
“Studies supporting the original six-factor structure have relied primarily on CFA-based validation (Coroiu et al., 2018; Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014; Lo´pez Tello et al., 2023; Martı´nez-Ramos et al., 2022; Petrocchi et al., 2014), particularly through a six-factor bifactor model, as recommended by…”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Garcia-Campayo, J., Navarro-Gil, M., Andrés, E., Montero-Marin, J., López-Artal, L., & Demarzo, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa (ES)
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
- Venue
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4
- ISSN
- 1477-7525 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3896764
- OpenAlex
- W2128048948
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 14.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Ciência sem Fronteiras
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- self-compassion, Self-Compassion Scale, Spanish translation, scale validation, short-form questionnaire, mindfulness, construct validity, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, healthcare workers, university students, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, mindfulness-based interventions, psychometric properties, factor structure, cross-cultural adaptation, Catalonia, Andalusia
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Awareness, Depression, Empathy, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Spain, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult
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