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Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the SF-36 and SF-12 Health Survey, V.1
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The SF-36 and SF-12 summary scores were derived using an uncorrelated (orthogonal) factor solution. We estimate SF-36 and SF-12 summary scores using a correlated (oblique) physical and mental health factor model. METHODS: We administered the SF-36 to 7,093 patients who received medical care from an independent association of 48 physician groups in the western United States. Correlated physical health (PCSc) and mental health (MCSc) scores were constructed by multiplying each SF-36 scale z-score by its respective scoring coefficient from the obliquely rotated two factor solution. PCSc-12 and MCSc-12 scores were estimated using an approach similar to the one used to derive the original SF-12 summary scores. RESULTS: The estimated correlation between SF-36 PCSc and MCSc scores was 0.62. There were far fewer negative factor scoring coefficients for the oblique factor solution compared to the factor scoring coefficients produced by the standard orthogonal factor solution. Similar results were found for PCSc-12, and MCSc-12 summary scores. CONCLUSION: Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the SF-36 and SF-12 derived from an obliquely rotated factor solution should be used along with the uncorrelated summary scores. The new scoring algorithm can reduce inconsistent results between the SF-36 scale scores and physical and mental health summary scores reported in some prior studies.(Subscripts C = correlated and UC = uncorrelated).
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“Factor analyses of scale scores for the SF-36 health survey, provided strong support for two underlying factors with physical health defined primarily by measures of physical functioning, pain, and role limitations due to physical health problems, and by mental health reflected primarily by measures of emotional well-being and role limitations caused by emotional problems [17–18].”
From PROMIS®-29 v2.0 profile physical and mental health summary scores (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
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“Allowing the underlying physical and mental health summary scores to be correlated reflects the reality of health and eliminates the inconsistency between scale scores and summary measures [17].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Farivar, S. S., Cunningham, W. E., & Hays, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Amgen (United States) (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- RAND Corporation (US)
- Corresponding author
- Farivar, Sepideh S
- Venue
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
- Published
- 2007-09-07
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 54-54
- ISSN
- 1477-7525 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2065865
- OpenAlex
- W2097456882
- Cited by
- 412
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 22.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p20md000148-05)
- National Institute on Aging (AG20679-01, P01AG020679)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P20-MD00148-01, P20-MD000148)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- SF-36, SF-12, health-related quality of life, patient-reported outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Independent Practice Associations, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Utilization Review, Sickness Impact Profile
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