Adding effect sizes to a systematic review on interventions for promoting physical activity among European teenagers
Open accessAbstract
This commentary adds effect sizes to the recently published systematic review by De Meester and colleagues and provides a more detailed insight into the effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity among European teenagers. The main findings based on this evidence were: (1) school-based interventions generally lead to short term improvement in physical activity levels, but there were large differences between interventions with regard to effect sizes; (2) a multi-component approach (including environmental components) generally resulted in larger effect sizes, thereby providing evidence for the assumption that a multi-component approach should produce synergistic results; and (3) if an intervention aimed to affect more health behaviours besides physical activity, then the intervention appeared to be less effective in favour of physical activity.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Strong evidence indicates that multi-component interventions are effective in the promotion of physical activity in the school setting.
“Strong evidence indicates that multi-component interventions are effective in the promotion of PA (14, 63–69).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [63]
Multi-component interventions do not seem to produce synergistic results.
“While multi-component interventions are more effective than single-component interventions (14, 70) they do not seem to produce synergistic results (63, 71).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [63]
Numerous reviews reported positive effects when involving parents in school-based interventions.
“Numerous reviews reported positive effects when involving parents (63, 66, 71, 74, 84, 85) and families (14, 65, 70) in school-based interventions.”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [63]
Changing the school environment has an influence on physical activity in school children.
“Changing the school environment also has an influence on PA in school children and is recommended in numerous reviews (63, 66, 69, 71, 73, 74).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [63]
Interventions addressing more than one health behaviour are less effective.
“The evidence shows that interventions addressing more than one health behaviour are less effective (63, 71).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [63]
Peer support can increase physical activity levels in school children.
“The involvement of pupils is another relevant factor (69), as peer support can increase PA levels in school children (63, 71).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [63]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
(2000) · Cited by 9,198 · see citing works
Cohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771 · see citing works
Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM framework.
Glasgow, R. E., Vogt, T. M., & Boles, S. M. (1999) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.89.9.1322 · Cited by 7,217 · see citing works
Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs
Morris, S. B. (2008) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428106291059 · Cited by 2,133 · see citing works
Beyond significance testing: Reforming data analysis methods in behavioral research.
Kline, R. B. (2004) · doi:10.1037/10693-000 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Verstraete, S. J. M., Cardon, G. M., De Clercq, D. L. R., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. M. M. (2006) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckl008 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., & Hagger, M. S. (2005) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.27.4.470 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Digelidis, N. M., Papaioannou, A. G., Laparidis, K., & Christodoulidis, T. (2002) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/s1469-0292(02)00002-x · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Reporting effect size estimates in school psychology research
Volker, M. A. (2006) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.20176 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Beyond Significance Testing: Reforming Data Analysis Methods in Behavioral Research
Klein, D. F. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.643-a · Cited by 175 · see citing works
School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial of a Physical Activity Intervention among Adolescents
Haerens, L. L., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Maes, L., Cardon, G., & Deforche, B. I. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.09.028 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Harrison, M., Burns, C., McGuinness, M., Heslin, J., & Murphy, N. M. (2006) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.06.012 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Moon, A. (1999) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/14.2.111 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Health promotion for adolescents in primary care: randomised controlled trial
Walker, Z., Townsend, J., Oakley, L., Donovan, C., Smith, H., Hurst, Z., Bell, J., & Marshall, S. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7363.524 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Woods, C. B. (2002) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/17.4.451 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Interventions for promoting physical activity among European teenagers: a systematic review
De Meester, F., van Lenthe, F. J., Spittaels, H., Lien, N., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2009) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-6-82 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Jurg, M. E., Kremers, S., Candel, M. J. J. M., van der Wal, M. F., & de Meij, J. S. B. (2006) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dal032 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
ICAPS: a multilevel program to improve physical activity in adolescents
Simon, C., Wagner, A., Platat, C., Arveiler, D., Schweitzer, B., Schlienger, J.-L., & Triby, E. (2006) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70245-8 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Christodoulos, A. D., Douda, H. T., Polykratis, M., & Tokmakidis, S. P. (2006) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.024521 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Hill, C., Abraham, C., & Wright, D. B. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.024 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Haerens, L. L., Deforche, B. I., Vandelanotte, C., Maes, L., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2007) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2007.01.003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Tsorbatzoudis, H. (2005) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.101.3.787-802 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The effect of office-based physician's advice on adolescent exercise behavior
Ortega-Sánchez, R., Jimenez-Mena, C., Córdoba-García, R., Muñoz-Lopez, J., Garcia-Machado, M. L., & Vilaseca-Canals, J. (2003) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.09.042 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lubans, D. R., & Sylva, Κ. (2006) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.28.3.252 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Baxter, A. (1997) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(97)00040-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Murphy, N. M., Dhuinn, M. N., Browne, P. A., & O'Rathaile, M. (2006) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.01.008 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Kelleher, C. C. (1999) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/14.3.221 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Long-term influence of a health education programme on knowledge and health behaviour in children
Lindberg, L., Ståhle, A., & Rydén, L. (2006) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000197471.74070.0f · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tsorbatzoudis, H. (2005) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.101.7.787-802 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Long-term influence of a health education programme on knowledge and health behaviour in children
Lindberg, L., hle, A. S., & n, L. R. (2006) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00149831-200602000-00014 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A simple method for converting an odds ratio to effect size for use in meta-analysis
Chinn, S. (2000) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/1097-0258(20001130)19:22
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kriemler, S., Meyer, U., Martin, E., van Sluijs, E. M. F., Andersen, L. B., & Martin, B. W. (2011) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090186 · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Messing, S., Rütten, A., Abu-Omar, K., Ungerer-Röhrich, U., Goodwin, L., Burlacu, I., & Gediga, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00055 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Aalbers, T., Baars, M. A. E., & Rikkert, M. G. M. O. (2011) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2011.05.001 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Adventurous Play as a Mechanism for Reducing Risk for Childhood Anxiety: A Conceptual Model
Dodd, H. F., & Lester, K. J. (2021) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00338-w · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Ruiz, E., Ávila, J. M. B., Valero, T., de la Calle, S. D. P., Rodríguez-Alonso, P., Bartrina, J. A., Gil, Á., González‐Gross, M., Anta, R. M. O., Serra‐Majem, L., et al. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8030177 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Hankonen, N. E., Heino, M. T. J., Araújo‐Soares, V., Sniehotta, F. F., Sund, R., Vasankari, T. J., Absetz, P., Borodulin, K., Uutela, A. K., Lintunen, T., et al. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3094-x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Effective student engagement with blended learning: A systematic review
de Bruijn-Smolders, M., & Prinsen, F. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39439 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
de Bruijn-Smolders, M., Timmers, C. F., Gawke, J. C. L., Schoonman, W., & Born, M. P. (2014) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2014.915302 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Bringing Loyalty to E-health: Theory Validation Using Three Internet-Delivered Interventions
Crutzen, R., Cyr, D., & de Vries, N. K. (2011) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1837 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationDoes social desirability compromise self-reports of physical activity in web-based research?
Crutzen, R., & Göritz, A. S. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-31 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationAskell‐Williams, H., Dix, K., Lawson, M. J., & Slee, P. T. (2012) · School Effectiveness and School Improvement · doi:10.1080/09243453.2012.692697 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Song, X., Hallensleben, C., Zhang, W., Jiang, Z., Shen, H., Gobbens, R. J. J., van der Kleij, R., Chavannes, N. H., & Versluis, A. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24602 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Reminders in Web-Based Data Collection
Göritz, A. S., & Crutzen, R. (2011) · American Journal of Evaluation · doi:10.1177/1098214011421956 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationPardo, B. M., Bengoechea, E. G., Clemente, J. A. J., & Lanaspa, E. G. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.04.023 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
O’Neill, S., Minehan, M., Knight-Agarwal, C. R., & Turner, M. R. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14071398 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Prins, R., Brug, J., van Empelen, P., & Oenema, A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032682 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Can interest and enjoyment help to increase use of Internet-delivered interventions?
Crutzen, R., Ruiter, R. A. C., & de Vries, N. K. (2014) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2014.921300 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationXie, W.-Y., Yang, X.-L., Cai, Y.-M., Mo, W., Shen, Z.-M., Li, Y.-H., Zhou, B.-F., & Li, Y. (2023) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-022-03981-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The German recommendations for physical activity promotion
Abu‐Omar, K., Rütten, A., Messing, S., Pfeifer, K., Ungerer-Röhrich, U., Goodwin, L., Burlacu, I., & Gediga, G. (2018) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-018-0986-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Moss, S., & Gu, X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191911968 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ahmed, K. R., Uddin, R., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., & Khan, A. (2021) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.011 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hankonen, N. E., Absetz, P., & Araújo‐Soares, V. (2020) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2020.1813036 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Haverinen, E., Elonheimo, H., Tolonen, H., Jousilahti, P., & Wennman, H. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948211020599 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Galan‐Lopez, P., Gísladóttir, Þ., & Ríes, F. (2020) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v38i38.73821 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Health and Disease in Adolescence
Reavley, N. J., Patton, G. C., Sawyer, S. M., Kennedy, E. C., & Azzopardi, P. S. (2017) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0423-6_ch18 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bush, P. L., & Bengoechea, E. G. (2016) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.02.005 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
What do we know abouthowto promote physical activity to adolescents? A mapping review
Bush, P. L., & Bengoechea, E. G. (2015) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyv036 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ramstrand, N., & Stevens, P. M. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1859630 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yao, Y., Zhang, C., Chen, Z., Qi, Y., & Qiu, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1220362 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Evidence Update On Obesity Prevention Across The Life-course
Hector, D., King, L. J., Hardy, L. L., Hebden, L., Espinel, P. T., & Rissel, C. E. (2012) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Baena, A. C. M., Chillón, P., Martín‐Matillas, M., López, I. J. P., Castillo, R., Zapatera, B., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Casajús, J. A., Álvarez-Granda, L., Cerezo, C. R., et al. (2012) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v0i22.34583 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Crutzen, R. (2010) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896910376870 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationCrutzen, R., Nijhuis, E., & Mujakovic, S. (2012) · Mental Health and Substance Use · doi:10.1080/17523281.2011.607466 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationPromoting Physical Activity Among Adolescents: Recommendations From Correlation Research
Bush, P. L., & MacDonald, C. D. (2015) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bush, P. L., & MacDonald, C. D. (2015) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v0i28.34953 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Prins, R. (2012) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Vittaporn, S., Kanthajaem, K., Coothongkul, A., & Pooseesod, K. (2024) · Tobacco Prevention & Cessation · doi:10.18332/tpc/192694 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Suriyawong, W., & Pipatpiboon, N. (2022) · Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences · doi:10.12982/cmujns.2022.040 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Message Reminders Encouraging Brisk Walking by Considering the Dynamic Factor of Cognitive Fatigue
Symons, M., Vandebosch, H., Cutello, C. A., & Poels, K. (2022) · European Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.47368/ejhc.2022.303 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Koo, H., Ishihara, K., Kanejima, Y., Nakatani, M., & Izawa, K. P. (2025) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint6020062 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fortin-Suzuki, S., Berrigan, F., Turcotte, S., Beaudoin, S., & Dubuc, M.-M. (2024) · Education and human development · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1006508 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Iturrioz, I., Arrese-Igor, I., Izaga, D., Vesga, J., Iturrioz, P., Cano, Á., Izquierdo, M. Á., Otegi, J. R., & Uranga, A. (2015) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v0i28.34954
Health and Disease in Adolescence
Reavley, N. J., Patton, G. C., Sawyer, S. M., Kennedy, E. C., & Azzopardi, P. S. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0423-6/pt3.ch18
Developing a brief online sexual health intervention for low socio-economic status female teenagers
McKellar, K. (2017) · Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)
Corr, M. (2020) · Mary Immaculate Research Repository (Mary Immaculate College)
(2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816969-8.16001-1
Xie, W.-Y., Yang, X.-L., Cai, Y.-M., Mo, W., Shen, Z., Li, Y.-H., Zhou, B., & Li, Y.-L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26562217
Heijmans, M. W. F., Koopmans, L., Hopman, M. T. E., Verlaan, S., Schoufour, J. D., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2026) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuag059
Symptom change in Headache Patients (A case Series)
Jago, L. B. (2013) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
- Authors
- Crutzen, R.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Crutzen, Rik
- ORCID
- Crutzen, Rik
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29
- ISSN
- 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2864194
- OpenAlex
- W2075626660
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Keywords
- physical activity promotion, adolescents, school-based intervention, multicomponent intervention, environmental interventions, effect size, health behavior change, intervention effectiveness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
