Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity in children and adolescents: systematic review of controlled trials
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OBJECTIVE: To review the published literature on the effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity in children and adolescents. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Literature search using PubMed, SCOPUS, Psychlit, Ovid Medline, Sportdiscus, and Embase up to December 2006. Review methods Two independent reviewers assessed studies against the following inclusion criteria: controlled trial, comparison of intervention to promote physical activity with no intervention control condition, participants younger than 18 years, and reported statistical analyses of a physical activity outcome measure. Levels of evidence, accounting for methodological quality, were assessed for three types of intervention, five settings, and three target populations. RESULTS: The literature search identified 57 studies: 33 aimed at children and 24 at adolescents. Twenty four studies were of high methodological quality, including 13 studies in children. Interventions that were found to be effective achieved increases ranging from an additional 2.6 minutes of physical education related physical activity to 283 minutes per week of overall physical activity. Among children, limited evidence for an effect was found for interventions targeting children from low socioeconomic populations, and environmental interventions. Strong evidence was found that school based interventions with involvement of the family or community and multicomponent interventions can increase physical activity in adolescents. CONCLUSION: Some evidence was found for potentially effective strategies to increase children's levels of physical activity. For adolescents, multicomponent interventions and interventions that included both school and family or community involvement have the potential to make important differences to levels of physical activity and should be promoted. A lack of high quality evaluations hampers conclusions concerning effectiveness, especially among children.
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Strong evidence indicates that multi-component interventions are effective in the promotion of physical activity in the school setting.
“Strong evidence indicates that multi-component interventions are effective in the promotion of PA (14, 63–69).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [65]
Evidence on the effectiveness of interventions that only focus on environmental changes is limited.
“Evidence on the effectiveness of interventions that only focus on environmental changes is limited (65, 83); such interventions should be integrated in multicomponent approaches (65, 83).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [65]
Numerous reviews reported positive effects when involving families in school-based interventions.
“Numerous reviews reported positive effects when involving parents (63, 66, 71, 74, 84, 85) and families (14, 65, 70) in school-based interventions.”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [65]
Community involvement was linked with positive outcomes in school-based interventions.
“Community involvement was linked with positive outcomes in two reviews (65, 70).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [65]
van Sluijs et al. suggested that additional structural environmental and policy changes might be required to change children's physical activity behavior, thereby advocating for the need to examine children and adolescents as separate groups.
“van Sluijs et al.34 have suggested that additional structural environmental and policy changes might be required to change children's PA behavior, thereby advocating for the need to examine children and adolescents as separate groups.”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
Strength of evidence was assessed utilizing a 5-level rating system (strong, moderate, limited, inconclusive, and no evidence) adopted from a previous high-quality systematic review.
“Initially, strength of evidence was assessed utilizing a 5-level rating system (strong, moderate, limited, inconclusive, and no evidence) adopted from a previous high-quality systematic review34 based on study design, methodological quality, and sample size.”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
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“In accord with van Sluijs et al.,34 who proposed, in part, that the low effect in chil- dren might be a consequence of higher baseline PA levels, 2 studies included in this review reinforced a larger effect for the least active participants.71,102 To the best of our knowl- edge, there has been no previous systematic r…”
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Effect of a school-based intervention to promote healthy lifestyles in 7-11 year old children
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The Physical Activity 4 Everyone Cluster Randomized Trial
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Interventions for promoting physical activity among European teenagers: a systematic review
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Effectiveness of a primary school-based intervention to reduce overweight
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Friends and Physical Activity during the Transition from Primary to Secondary School
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Assessment of a two-year school-based physical activity intervention among 7-9-year-old children
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Permanent Play Facilities in School Playgrounds as a Determinant of Children’s Activity
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An RCT to facilitate implementation of school practices known to increase physical activity
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Impact of offering cycle training in schools upon cycling behaviour: a natural experimental study
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- Authors
- van Sluijs, E. M. F., McMinn, A. M., & Griffin, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Addenbrooke's Hospital (GB)
- ORCID
- Griffin, Simon J
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2007-09-20
- Volume
- 335
- Issue
- 7622
- Pages
- 703
- ISSN
- 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- PMC
- PMC2001088
- OpenAlex
- W2137035460
- Cited by
- 1,120
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 87
- FWCI
- 5.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0606-1259)
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Keywords
- physical activity promotion, children, adolescents, school-based intervention, family involvement, community participation, multicomponent intervention, environmental interventions, physical education, socioeconomic status, intervention effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Clinical Trials as Topic, Health Promotion, Humans, School Health Services, Program Evaluation, Exercise
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